Legal Strength of Electronic Certificates in Land Sale and Purchase Agreements in Indonesia
Elisa Novianti
Abstract
The digital transformation in the land sector, realized through the issuance of electronic land certificates by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), has significant legal implications, particularly in land sale and purchase agreements. This study aims to analyze the legal force of electronic land certificates as evidence in land sale and purchase transactions in Indonesia. The research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and literature approach. The results show that electronic land certificates have equal legal standing with physical certificates, as regulated in Ministerial Regulation of ATR/BPN No. 1 of 2021 and No. 3 of 2023. Electronic certificates fulfill the criteria as authentic written evidence and are legally valid as long as the registration process follows the applicable laws and regulations. However, their implementation still faces challenges, including digital infrastructure limitations, public awareness, and potential administrative disputes.
Keywords
Electronic certificate; Land sale and purchase; Legal Force; Digital Land Administration; Authentic Evidence.
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Legislation
Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.
Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates.
Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Documents within the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency.
Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.
Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA).
