Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan Mandala
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Transformation Of Managerial Competence Of Education Administration Students Through Improvement Project In Non-School Work Environment
Transformation of Managerial Competence among Educational Administration Students through Improvement Projects in Non-School Work Environments. The shift toward an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) curriculum paradigm requires Educational Administration (EA) students to build competence that is flexible enough to adapt outside the conventional school ecosystem. This study analyzes the process of managerial-competence transformation among EA students through an Improvement Project scheme carried out with non-school work partners. A qualitative descriptive case-study approach was used, focusing on the Analyze–Develop–Validate–Recommend intervention stages. Participants comprised six-semester EA students undertaking internships, unit mentors from four partner entities (a sharia savings-and-loan cooperative, a service/clinic cooperative, a consumer cooperative, and a baitul maal), and the internship supervising lecturer. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, passive participant observation, and documentation analysis (logbooks, executive summaries, and draft SOPs/digital media). Findings show substantial transformation across three competence domains: (1) improved hard skills in digital archiving and operational SOP development; (2) a shift in soft skills from a routine administrative mindset toward a service mindset and complex problem-solving; and (3) strengthened cross-sector adaptability alongside strict data confidentiality (zero compromise on confidentiality). The study demonstrates that Improvement Projects situated in non-school work environments effectively accelerate the multidimensional work-readiness of Educational Administration students and offer a transferable model for embedding cross-sector experiential learning within outcome-based curricula.
Educational Administration; Organizational Adaptability; Improvement Project; Managerial Competence; Non-School Internship
Copyright (c) 2026 Pepi Januar Pelita, Ana Ratnasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AI Literacy in Chemistry Education: Rasch Analysis of Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers’ Ability To Evaluate The Conceptual Accuracy of AI-Generated Answers
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly entered higher education, including chemistry education. Although AI can provide rapid and apparently coherent explanations, its outputs may contain factual, conceptual, representational, and reasoning errors. This study examines pre-service chemistry teachers’ ability to evaluate the conceptual accuracy of AI-generated answers to chemistry problems using the Rasch measurement model. The study was designed as a quantitative descriptive evaluation involving 120 pre-service chemistry teachers and 30 scenario-based items. Each item presented a chemistry problem followed by an AI-generated response containing different levels and types of accuracy. Rasch analysis was used to estimate person ability, item difficulty, reliability, separation, and item fit. The descriptive interpretation focused on the occurrence of response patterns and the characteristics of the most difficult and easiest items. The simulated analysis produced person reliability of 0.87 and item reliability of 0.96, with person and item separation indices of 2.56 and 4.89, respectively. The most difficult items involved organic structure, chemical equilibrium, and acid-base reasoning, whereas factual errors and simple calculation errors were more readily identified. The findings indicate that the ability to use AI should not be equated with the ability to critically evaluate AI outputs. Domain-specific AI literacy in chemistry requires students to mobilize conceptual knowledge and chemical reasoning to verify apparently plausible AI-generated explanations.
artificial intelligence; AI literacy; chemistry education; pre-service chemistry teachers; Rasch model; conceptual evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Eka Putra Ramandha, Andi Mutia Fitri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of the Number Wheel APE on the Pre-mathematics Abilities of 5–6-Year-Old Children at Darul Azkiya Kindergarten
This research is motivated by the still-low pre-mathematics abilities of children aged 5-6 years, especially in recognizing numbers, sequencing numbers, connecting numbers with the number of objects, and doing simple counting activities. This condition indicates the need for the use of learning media that are concrete, interesting, and appropriate to the characteristics of early childhood. This study aims to determine the pre-Mathematics abilities of children aged 5-6 years before and after using the Educational Game Tool (APE) Number Wheel and to determine the effect of using the APE Number Wheel on children's pre-mathematics abilities. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 11 children in Group B at Darul Azkiya Kindergarten. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and documentation using a pre-mathematics ability observation sheet. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the t-test. Paired-samples t-test. The results of the study showed an increase in pre-mathematics abilities from the average pretest value of 62,73% become 87,95% on the posttest. The results of the Paired Sample t-Test obtained a significance value of 0,000 < 0,05, so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the APE Number Wheel on the Pre-Mathematics abilities of children aged 5-6 years at KB Darul Azkiya.
APE Number Mill; Pre-Mathematics Ability; Early childhood.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Imama, Baiq Desy Arfini, Rohmaniah Rohmaniah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Class Teacher Strategies In Handling Cases Of Bullying Against Minority Religious Students In Grade II Of SDN 3 Gondang
This study aims to describe the strategies used by classroom teachers in addressing bullying cases against religious minority students in Grade II of SDN 3 Gondang during the 2025/2026 academic year. The study was motivated by the existence of bullying behavior related to religious differences, which may affect students’ comfort, self-confidence, and social interactions within the school environment. Therefore, classroom teachers play an important role in creating a safe, comfortable, and inclusive learning atmosphere that respects diversity. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research participants consisted of the Grade II classroom teacher and students involved in bullying cases. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The findings showed that the classroom teacher implemented several strategies to address bullying cases involving religious minority students. These strategies included providing understanding about tolerance and respect for differences, conducting personal approaches to both perpetrators and victims of bullying, offering guidance and assistance to students who experienced bullying, monitoring student interactions, and collaborating with parents. In addition, the teacher integrated the values of tolerance into learning activities and daily classroom practices. These strategies helped reduce bullying behavior and improve social acceptance of religious minority students, thereby creating a more inclusive and harmonious learning environment.
Classroom Teacher Strategies, Bullying, Religious Minority Students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ita Rahayu, Musafir Musafir, Ana Mulyono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role Of Teachers In Improving Students' Social Interaction In Class V At SDN 1 Jenggala Through Ipas Learning
This study aims to describe the role of teachers in improving the social interaction of fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Jenggala in the 2025/2026 Academic Year through Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning, as well as to identify the inhibiting factors experienced by teachers in the process. The method used in this study is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The main subjects in this study were the IPAS teacher, the school principal, and representatives of fifth-grade students. The results showed that the teacher's role is crucial and multifaceted, namely as a facilitator who provides inclusive discussion spaces, as a motivator who arouses a collaborative spirit, and as a mediator who mediates conflicts between students. Through the implementation of collaborative learning strategies and group discussions in IPAS subjects, students' social interactions experienced a significant increase; students became more proactive, able to respect the opinions of their peers, and accustomed to working together. However, the study also found several inhibiting factors, such as limited learning time, lack of media or teaching materials relevant to collaborative methods, heterogeneity in students' abilities and characters, and a lack of internal awareness from a small portion of students about the importance of social interaction. The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing the role of teachers through innovative and collaborative approaches can form positive student social characters, although it requires strong synergy between teachers, the school, and the support of adequate learning resources.
Teacher's Role; Social Interaction; IPAS; Collaborative Learning; Elementary Students. .
Copyright (c) 2026 Candra Candra, Muhammad Muhajirin, Muh. Hamdani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Implementation of the Cooperative Learning Method Using Modified Rubber Balls to Improve Shot Put Learning Outcomes Among Fifth-Grade Students at MI Darul Ulum Sambirobyong, Sumbergempol District, Tulungagung Regency, Academic Year 2025/2026
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti, bahwa pembelajaran tolak peluru di MI Darul Ulum Sambirobyong Kecamatan Sumbergempol Kabupaten Tulungagung masih menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang kurang bervariasi, rendahnya partisipasi siswa, serta penggunaan alat peluru standar yang kurang sesuai dengan karakteristik peserta didik sekolah dasar. Hal tersebut berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa rendah. Penelitian menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan subyek penelitian kelas V MI Darul Ulum Sambirobyong Kecamatan Sumbergempol Kabupaten Tulungagung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada dua siklus, menggunakan instrument berupa RPP, tes hasil belajar siswa, lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan lembar observasi aktifitas siswa. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan penerapan metode Cooperatve Learning dengan modifikasi bola karet bahwa menunjukan adanya peningkatan. Rata-rata pada siklus I adalah 60,03 dengan prosentase 42,42%. Setalah melakukan Tindakan rata-rata yang diperolah Adalah 76,42 dengan prosentase 87,88%. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini Adalah pelaksanaan penerapan metode Cooperative Learning dengan modivikasi bola karet efektif dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Karena itu guru sebagai pelaksana pembelajaran harus mengutamakan proses pembelajaran yang efektif demi terciptanya suasana kerjasama kelompok.
Cooperative Learning; Rubber Ball Modification; Learning outcomes; Shot put.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rizqi Nur Muklisin, Ruruh Andayani Bekti, Ardhi Mardiyanto Indra Purnomo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Zig-Zag Training on Dribbling Agility in Players of the Porses Football School, Suruh, Trenggalek
Football requires mastery of fundamental techniques, one of which is dribbling. Agility plays an important role in supporting successful dribbling because players must be able to change direction quickly while maintaining control of the ball. Observations at the Porses Football School (SSB) in Suruh, Trenggalek indicated that players' dribbling agility was not yet optimal. This study aimed to determine the effect of zig-zag training on the dribbling agility of players at SSB Porses Suruh Trenggalek. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The population consisted of 30 players, all of whom were taken as the sample using a saturated sampling technique. The research instrument was a dribbling agility test measured in seconds. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, and a paired sample t-test with the aid of SPSS at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average dribbling agility time before the zig-zag training was 19.20 seconds, decreasing to 17.00 seconds after treatment. The data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The paired sample t-test produced a t-value of 13.174 with a significance (2-tailed) of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that zig-zag training had a significant effect on improving the dribbling agility of players at SSB Porses Suruh Trenggalek.
Zig-zag training; Agility; Dribbling; Football.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eling Santoso, Setyo Harmono, Mokhammad Firdaus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Influence Of Resistance Band And Plyometric Training Towards Improvement Of Leg Muscle Power In Athletes Trained By The Forsa Women's Volleyball Club Of Kediri Regency
Leg muscle power is a crucial component of physical fitness in volleyball, supporting the ability to perform jumping smashes, blocks, and jump serves. Various training methods have been developed to improve this ability, including resistance band and plyometric training. Although both have been proven to be able to increase explosive muscle ability, research is still needed to compare the effectiveness of the two training methods in female volleyball athletes. This study aims to analyze the effect of training with resistance bands and plyometrics on increasing leg muscle power and comparing the effectiveness of the two training methods on volleyball athletes trained by the FORSA Women's Club, Kediri Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The research sample consisted of 30 athletes who were divided into two groups, each consisting of 15 athletes. The first group was given a training program of Resistance Band Squat, while the second group was given training in Plyometric Hurdle Hopping. Measurement of leg muscle power was done using the Vertical Jump Test before and after the exercise program. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and statistical tests of the Paired Sample t-Test with a significance level of 5%. The results of the study show that the exercise resistance band had a significant effect on increasing leg muscle power, with the average jump height increasing from 37.67 ± 2.06 cm to 42.87 ± 3.89 cm. cm or an increase of 13.80% (p< 0.001). Meanwhile, the plyometric group experienced a greater increase, namely from 36.73 ± 2.60 cm to 44.73 ± 2.76 cm or an increase of 21.78% (p< 0.001). The findings show that both training methods are able to increase leg muscle power significantly, but training plyometric produces greater improvements than training with resistance bands. Training with resistance bands and plyometric proven effective in increasing leg muscle power in female volleyball athletes. However, this plyometric exercise provides a greater influence because it is able to optimize the mechanism of the stretch-shortening cycle(SSC), improve neuromuscular coordination, and produce higher explosive muscle capacity. Therefore, plyometric training is recommended as the main training method to increase leg muscle power in volleyball athletes.
Resistance Band, Plyometric, Leg Muscle Power, Vertical Jump, Volleyball.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azza Abu Muqoffin, Rizki Burstiando, Muhammad Yanuar Rizky http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect Of Push-Up, Pull-Up, And Wheelbarrow Drills Training Methods On Right-Hand Punch Ability In Pencak Silat Athletes Of Perguruan Psht Satria Kridha
Pencak silat is a traditional Indonesian martial art in which the ability to punch is a decisive technical component in winning a match. This study aimed to examine the effect of push-up, pull-up, and wheelbarrow drills training methods on right-hand punch ability among pencak silat athletes of Perguruan PSHT Satria Kridha, and to determine which method produced the most effective improvement. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental "Two Groups Pretest-Posttest Design" was employed. The population consisted of 21 athletes; all were taken as the sample using total sampling and divided equally by ordinal pairing into three groups of seven athletes, each receiving push-up, pull-up, or wheelbarrow drills training. Right-hand punch ability was measured using a 30-second punch test before and after an eight-week training program, and the data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the F homogeneity test, and paired-sample as well as independent t-tests using SPSS 23 at a 5% significance level. The results showed a significant effect of push-up training (t = 7.593; sig. = 0.001), pull-up training (t = 7.746; sig. = 0.001), and wheelbarrow drills (t = 8.796; sig. = 0.000) on right-hand punch ability, since t-count exceeded t-table (1.833). The comparative test among the three post-test groups produced t = 13.219 (sig. = 0.000), indicating a significant difference, with the push-up method resulting in the highest post-test mean (24.50) compared with pull-up (4.67) and wheelbarrow drills (3.21). It is concluded that push-up training is the most effective method for improving right-hand punch ability in pencak silat athletes and is recommended as a priority strength-training component for coaches.
push-up pull-up wheelbarrow drills right-hand punch pencak silat
Copyright (c) 2026 Yohanes Verdian Luky Trisdiono, Rendhitya Prima Putra, Sugito http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Industrial Engineering Students' Difficulties in Understanding English Technical Vocabulary: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Mastery of technical vocabulary plays an important role for Industrial Engineering students because it can help students understand academic literature and prepare for future careers. However, many students still struggle to understand English technical terms. This study analyses the challenges encountered by the students, the factors underlying the challenges, and the strategies students used to master technical vocabulary. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving ten Industrial Engineering students selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analysed using the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that difficulties arise when students read journal articles, access reference books, and operate industry software written in English. Students frequently struggle not merely to translate unfamiliar terms, but also to link terms to their disciplinary concepts. These difficulties stem from limited general vocabulary, inconsistent learning habits, and insufficient exposure to technical terms during academic study. To cope, students engage in self-directed learning, draw on digital technology and artificial intelligence, and discuss unfamiliar terms with peers and lecturers. These findings highlight the need for more contextual instruction to strengthen the mastery of technical vocabulary.
technical vocabulary, Industrial Engineering, learning difficulty, learning strategy, qualitative research
Copyright (c) 2026 Suprih Ambawani , Siti Saudah, Bernadeta Eko Putranti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Challenges for Educational Institutions in Facing Digital-Based Learning (Case Study of SMA Negeri 1 Masbagik)
The development of information technology has driven the transformation of educational systems toward digital-based learning. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by educational institutions in implementing digital-based learning and to identify the adaptation strategies carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Masbagik. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that several key challenges exist in the implementation of digital-based learning, including limited supporting facilities and infrastructure, low levels of understanding among teachers and students in using digital learning media, teachers’ difficulties in monitoring students’ use of technology, unstable internet connectivity, and low student learning interest. The adaptation strategies implemented by the institution include optimizing the use of available facilities and infrastructure, enhancing teachers’ competencies through digital learning training, scheduling the use of information technology devices and internet access in rotation, and allowing students to bring gadgets for learning purposes under the supervision of teachers and homeroom advisors.
educational institutions; digital-based learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rianti Rianti, M. Junaidi, Nurlaila Nurlaila http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dominant Factors Of Pencak Silat Athletes In The Cempaka Putih Tulungagung Competition Category
Pencak silat is a traditional Indonesian martial art that holds significant cultural, philosophical, and sporting value. The competition category in pencak silat is highly competitive as it involves direct interaction between athletes in dynamic, fast-paced, and stressful situations. The research question in this study is how physical condition contributes to the performance of pencak silat athletes in the competition category. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of physical condition to the performance of pencak silat athletes in the competition category. This study used an ex post facto correlational design with a sample of 30 athletes taken from the Cempaka Putih Pencak Silat Center in Tulungagung Regency. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, it can be concluded that physical condition significantly contributes to the performance of pencak silat athletes in the competition category. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.643 indicates that 64.3% of the variation in pencak silat athlete performance can be explained by physical condition components, which include speed, arm strength, leg strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, jump height, and abdominal strength. Meanwhile, the remaining 35.7% was influenced by factors outside of this study. Among all the physical condition components studied, core strength was the only variable with a positive and significant effect on athlete performance, with a p-value of 0.004.
Dominant Factor; Physical Condition; Martial arts; Match Category.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aditiya Putra Pratama, Puspodari Puspodari, Moh. Nurkholis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect Of The Use Of Ankle Weights On The Quality Of "T" Kick Of PSHT Students Of Sidoarjo Branch In Prambon Village
The quality of the T kick is one of the important aspects in pencak silat, which is inrvation results, the quality of the T kick of PSHT Sidoarjo Branch students in Prambon Village is still not optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of using ankle weights on the quality of T kicks. The study used a quantitative method with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 16 students selected using a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through kick quality tests before and after treatment, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and paired-samples t-tests. The results of the study showed an increase in the average score from 25.50 in the pretest to 33.69 in the posttest. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.000 (p <0.05), which indicates that the use of ankle weights has a significant effect on improving the quality of T kicks. Thus, training using ankle weights is effective as an alternative training method to improve the quality of T kicks in PSHT students.
ankle weight, kualitas tendangan T, pencak silat, PSHT, latihan resistensi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad zundan Amanulloh, Ardhi Mardiyanto Indra Purnomo, Wasis Himawanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluating AIDA Learning Transfer Through Students’ Proposals
Business communication & negotiation courses are targeted to develop students’ persuasive competence into authentic professional writing. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which previously learned Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action (AIDA) principles are reflected in proposals produced by student groups in a Business Communication and Negotiation course as project accomplishment. Evaluative qualitative document analysis was used in this study with a directed content analysis approach. Seven submitted group proposals were screened and analyzed. The result indicates that Interest and Desire were the strongest elements, each receiving a mean analytic rating of 2.43 on a 0–3 scale. Attention was unevenly developed (M = 1.57), while Action was the weakest element (M = 1.29), particularly when proposals ended with general expressions of hope rather than a specific next step. Overall, the corpus demonstrates moderate transfer of AIDA learning. The students were generally able to relate their proposals to stakeholder needs and explain the benefits of their proposed solutions. However, they were less successful in supporting attention-building statements with evidence and in giving readers a clear and specific next step. These findings suggest that student-produced business proposals can provide useful evidence of learning transfer
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Setyaningsih Nernere http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Work Commitment, Work Motivation, and Work Attitude on the Performance of Vocational High School ICT Teachers in Bima Regency
The objectives of the study are (1) to describe the performance of ICT teachers at State Vocational Schools in Bima Regency, (2) to examine the influence of work commitment on teacher performance, (3) to examine the influence of work motivation on teacher performance, (4) to examine the influence of work attitude on teacher performance, and (5) to examine the joint influence of work commitment, work motivation, and work attitude on teacher performance. This study used a quantitative correlational design involving 75 ICT teachers. The results show that work commitment accounts for 49.9% of the variance in teacher performance, work motivation accounts for 55.7%, and work attitude accounts for 50.7%. In the multiple regression model, work commitment, work motivation, and work attitude jointly account for 58.0% of the variance in teacher performance (Adjusted R Square = 0.562), and all three predictors make positive and significant contributions.
Work Commitment, Work Motivation, Work Attitude, and Teacher Performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muslimin Muslimin, Ardi Rahmawan, Lisda Ramdhani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving The Ability To Recognize Numbers In Group A Children Through Playing Foot And Hand Games At Galuh Anjani Paud
One of the factors contributing to the low numeracy recognition ability of Group A children at PAUD Galuh Anjani is the use of inappropriate and insufficiently varied teaching methods and learning media. This study aimed to improve the number recognition ability of Group A children through the implementation of the Foot and Hand Games activity at PAUD Galuh Anjani in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR). The participants were 13 children in Group A (aged 4–5 years), consisting of 8 boys and 5 girls. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The success indicator was set at 80% of the 13 children achieving an individual mastery score of 75–100, categorized as Developing as Expected (BSH) and Developing Very Well (BSB) in number recognition ability. The study was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of two meetings. Each cycle included the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of Cycle I showed an improvement in children's number recognition ability through the Foot and Hand Games activity. Before the intervention, only 5 children (38.4%) achieved the BSH and BSB categories, with an average score of 53. After the implementation of Cycle I, the number of children achieving mastery increased to 9 children (69.2%), with an average score of 70.3. Furthermore, the results of Cycle II demonstrated a significant improvement. The number of children who achieved the BSH and BSB categories increased to 11 children (84.6%), with an average score of 85.3.
Number Recognition, Foot and Hand Games, Early Childhood Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Suryani, Tuti Alawiyah, Juandra Prisma Mahendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Misconceptions In The Sasak Language Local Content Subject In Grade V Of SDN 2 Selengen In The 2025/2026 Year
This research is motivated by the importance of preserving regional languages and culture through local content subjects, particularly the Sasak Language, and the challenges students face, often leading to misunderstandings or misconceptions. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the occurrence of misconceptions in the local content subject of Sasak Language in Grade V of SDN 2 Selengen. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included the local content teacher, fifth-grade students, and the school principal. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was tested using source and method triangulation. The results showed that there are three main forms of misconceptions experienced by students: (1) misconceptions due to dialect differences between textbooks and students' spoken language, (2) generalization of the meaning of language levels (base alus vs. base kasar), and (3) literal interpretation of figurative words (sesenggak or lelakaq). The causes of misconceptions originate from student factors (incorrect initial concepts, associative thinking, cognitive stage), teacher factors (teaching methods), textbooks (formal and long sentences), and environmental factors (everyday language and peer influence). The teacher's efforts to overcome misconceptions include direct comparison methods, interactive question-and-answer sessions, role-playing, gentle correction, classroom posters, and parental involvement. In conclusion, misconceptions in learning the Sasak Language are caused by a complexity of linguistic, sociocultural, and pedagogical factors. Therefore, adjustments to teaching materials and more contextual and innovative learning methods are needed to enhance student understanding and preserve Sasak culture
Misconception, Sasak Language, Local Content, Elementary School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Ayu Lestari, Ana Mulyono, Lalu Marzoan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Lunges Training and Squat Jump Training on the Speed of Crescent Kicks in Adolescent Pencak Silat Athletes of PSHT Kerepkidul Rayon, Nganjuk Branch.
Crescent kick speed is a crucial component in Pencak Silat performance; however, it is often limited by the lack of specific physical training methods. This study aimed to determine and compare the effects of lunges training and squat jump training on the speed of crescent kicks among adolescent Pencak Silat athletes of PSHT Kerepkidul Rayon, Nganjuk Branch. This study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a Two-Group Pretest–Posttest Design, involving 16 athletes who were divided into two groups using the ordinal pairing technique. Data were collected using a 10-second crescent kick speed test and analyzed using the t-test. The results demonstrated that both training methods had a significant effect. The lunges training group showed an average improvement of 1.25 kicks (p = 0.019), while the squat jump training group improved by an average of 1.63 kicks (p = 0.009). Although the independent comparison test indicated no statistically significant difference between the two training methods (p = 0.486), squat jump training produced a greater average improvement. It can be concluded that both training methods are effective in improving crescent kick speed; however, squat jump training demonstrated superior efficiency. These findings suggest that coaches may prioritize squat jump training programs to optimize lower-limb explosive power and enhance athletes' attacking performance in competition.
Lunges training, Squat jump training, Crescent kick speed, Pencak Silat, Adolescent athletes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iqbal Bastomy, Rendhitya Prima Putra, Abdian Asgi Sukmana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Smart Board Tv Utilization On Learning Interest Of Grade V Students At SDN 3 Gondang In 2025/2026
This research is motivated by the low learning interest of fifth-grade students at SDN 3 Gondang due to learning that still uses conventional methods and media, causing students to become bored quickly and pay less attention to the teacher. The aims of this research are to describe how teachers apply the TV Smart Board in learning, analyze its impact on students' learning interest, and explain the obstacles in its implementation. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with subjects consisting of fifth-grade students (22 students), the fifth-grade teacher, and the principal. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from June 8-15, 2026, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model and tested for validity through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results showed that the application of the TV Smart Board is carried out through four stages: preparation, implementation, student involvement, and overcoming obstacles. The impact is very positive on students' learning interest, including increased attention, enjoyment, interest, participation, engagement, and learning motivation. The obstacles faced include technical obstacles (complicated preparation, network and device disruptions, limited number of devices), obstacles from the student side (excessive enthusiasm, motor difficulties, lack of courage, differences in interest), and obstacles from the teacher side (limited competence, suboptimal learning design, limited preparation time, lack of technical maintenance). In conclusion, the TV Smart Board has a positive impact on increasing students' learning interest, although there are still various obstacles that need to be overcome through improving teacher competence, adding infrastructure, and providing more adequate technical support from the school
TV Smart Board; Learning Interest; Digital Learning Media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adeling Wathoni, M. Taufik, Fitriani Rahayu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of The Application Of The Syllable Method In Reading Learning For Grade III Elementary School Students
This study aims to analyze and describe the application of the syllabic method in reading instruction for third-grade students at SDN 1 Jenggala in the 2025/2026 academic year. The background of this study is based on the finding that some students experience a decline in attention and enthusiasm when reading activities monotonously focus on the use of textbooks, which impacts their reading abilities. This study utilizes a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data collection was carried out through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with classroom teachers, students, and the principal, as well as documentation. The results showed that the implementation process of the syllabic method in grade III went very well and consistently through the stages of planning, implementation (initial introduction, blending, word construction), and evaluation. Reading exercises were carried out repeatedly so that students did not just spell but were able to read fluently and understand the content of the reading text. The main supporting factors include the use of a play-based learning approach (word guessing) which triggers joy, enthusiasm, and teacher appreciation that increases student confidence. Meanwhile, external inhibiting factors consist of limited time due to dense curriculum targets, and the lack of continuity in reading learning at home. Internal inhibiting factors include students' cognitive load when facing closed syllables (consonants) and double consonants. Overall, the application of the syllabic method is highly effective and has a significant positive impact on improving the reading skills of students in the lower grades.
Syllabic Method, Reading Learning, Elementary School Students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hetriyani Hetriyani, Ana Mulyono, Rusman Hadi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use of Smart TV to Improve Reading Aloud Skills of Grade 2 Students at SDN 1 Selengen
This study aims to analyze and describe the use of Smart TV in improving the reading aloud skills of Grade 2 students at SDN 1 Selengen in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from Grade 2 students and teachers. The findings indicate that Smart TV was implemented through three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Field observations showed that students became more attentive to the displayed text, followed punctuation cues more consistently, and were more willing to participate in reading activities. Interviews with the teacher and students also indicated that audiovisual modeling helped students practice pronunciation, articulation, intonation, and pauses, while choral reading provided support before individual performance. The use of Smart TV therefore showed positive potential in supporting reading aloud learning, particularly in increasing student engagement, providing visual-auditory modeling, and creating a more supportive atmosphere for students who were initially reluctant to read aloud in front of the class.
Smart TV; Reading Aloud; Digital Literacy; 2nd Grade Elementary School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Amrillah, Rauhun Jannah, Nunung Mardianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Interest in Becoming a Teacher among Students of the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program
This study was motivated by the persistently low interest among some students in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Padang in pursuing a career as a teacher. The study aimed to describe the level of interest in becoming a teacher and to determine the partial influence of internal and external factors on that interest. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The sample consisted of 43 students from the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program (Class of 2022), selected using purposive sampling. Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis techniques included descriptive analysis, prerequisite tests (normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests), simple regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, and the t-test. The results indicate that: (1) student interest in pursuing a teaching career tends to fall within the low-to-moderate range. (2) Internal factors have a positive relationship but do not exert a significant influence on the interest in becoming a teacher among the Class of 2022 Mechanical Engineering Education students at Universitas Negeri Padang, contributing an influence of 8.2%. (3) External factors have a positive relationship but do not exert a significant influence on the interest in becoming a teacher among the Class of 2022 Mechanical Engineering Education students at Universitas Negeri Padang, contributing an influence of 10.4%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khalfan Gustaf Mandalika, Fiki Efendi, Rizky Ema Wulansari, Erik Fernandes http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher Strategies In Implementing Positive Reinforcement In Indonesian Language Learning For Grade 3 Students Of SDN 2 Kayangan
This study aimed to describe the teacher's strategy in implementing positive reinforcement in Indonesian language learning for third-grade students at SD Negeri 2 Kayangan and to identify the factors influencing its implementation. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The research subjects consisted of the third-grade teacher and students of SD Negeri 2 Kayangan. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that the teacher structured positive reinforcement through three main forms: (1) verbal reinforcement via praise and motivating sentences, (2) non-verbal reinforcement through positive gestures such as smiles, applause, thumbs-up, and personal guidance, and (3) giving rewards in the form of star stickers for active students or groups. This strategy was consistently applied from the introductory stage, through the core activities, to the closing of the lesson. Consequently, this strategy significantly improved students' learning motivation, active participation, courage to express opinions, and self-confidence. The factors supporting this success included the teacher's high intrinsic motivation, students' positive responses and enthusiasm, the use of engaging visual learning media, the implementation of group-based activities, and the teacher's astuteness in tailoring reinforcement to individual student characteristics.
Teacher's Strategy; Positive Reinforcement; Indonesian Language Learning; Learning Motivation.
Copyright (c) 2017 Suci Cahyani, Lalu Habiburrahman, Musafir Musafir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application Of Picture Card Media (Flashcard) To Improve Children's Ability To Recognize New Vocabulary In Permata Kindergarten
This study aimed to improve children's ability to recognize new vocabulary in Group B of TK Permata during the 2025/2026 academic year. The main issue motivating this research is the children's low mastery of new vocabulary, which impacts their communication skills. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis & Mc. Taggart model, conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects were 15 children in Group B at TK Permata. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and performance tests. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the application of picture card media (flashcards) significantly improved the children's ability to recognize new vocabulary. In the pre-cycle stage, classical completeness only reached 13.33% (2 children achieved mastery). After implementing the flashcard media in cycle I, the completeness percentage increased to 66.67% (10 children achieved mastery). Since this result had not reached the success indicator of 80%, cycle II was carried out with several improvements. In cycle II, classical completeness increased significantly to 86.67% (13 children achieved mastery). As the results in cycle II met the target, the research was concluded. This study concludes that the use of flashcards makes children more active and enthusiastic, and helps them easily understand and remember the newly learned vocabulary
Picture Card Media; Flashcard; New Vocabulary; Early Childhood; CAR.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muliati Muliati, Muhammad Muhajirin, Muh. Hamdani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efforts To Improve Fine Motor Skills Through Paper Folding Activities In Group A1 At Sangkareang Sukadana State Kindergarten
This research is motivated by the low fine motor skills of group A1 children in TK Negeri Sangkareang Sukadana, indicated by children's difficulties in moving their finger muscles, eye-hand coordination, and inability to complete paper folding to the final stage. This study aims to improve children's fine motor skills through paper folding (origami) activities. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, referring to the Kemmis & McTaggart model. The research subjects were 15 children (7 boys and 8 girls). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the percentage of classical learning completeness with a success criterion of 80%. The results showed that in the pre-action condition, the classical completeness of the children was at 0% (all children were in the Undeveloped category). After implementing the action in Cycle I, the percentage of classical learning completeness increased to 60%. In Cycle II, after improving the method with a more interactive demonstration approach and using appropriate folding paper, the completeness percentage reached 86.67%. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of paper folding activities is proven to significantly improve the fine motor skills of early childhood group A1 at TK Negeri Sangkareang Sukadana.
Fine Motor Skills; Paper Folding; Early Childhood; Early Childhood Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maedatul Mulianah, Muhammad Muhajirin, Muh. Hamdani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Student Character Changes Through The Seven Program Habits Of Great Indonesian Children (Kaih) At Sdn 1 Kayangan
This study aims to analyze changes in student character through the Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children (KAIH) Program at SDN 1 Kayangan. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects including the Principal and Teachers from Grades 1 to 6. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the 7KAIH Program has a positive impact on student character changes, particularly in aspects of discipline, responsibility, independence, and social awareness. These changes are evident in the lower grades showing basic initiative and reduced egocentrism, as well as the upper grades demonstrating independent learning, collective empathy, and leadership. Supporting factors for program success include continuous teacher role modeling, principal managerial support, and collaborative synergy between school and parents. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors identified include lack of implementation consistency due to parenting variability, unsupportive family environmental influences (such as gadget distractions), and limited parental understanding. This study concludes that consistent and sustainable implementation of the 7KAIH Program is highly effective in shaping positive character in elementary school students and stimulating internal moral awareness (autonomous morality)
Character Change; Seven Habits of Great; Indonesian Children; Character Education; Elementary School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Rahmayani, Marzoan Marzoan, Nunung Mardianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Interest In Learning Physical And Social Sciences Through The Traditional Game Gobak Sodor Among Grade III And IV Students Of Elementary School Krenceng 3, Kediri Regency
Learning interest is one of the factors that influence students' success in following the learning process, especially in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) subjects. Learning that is less varied often causes students to feel bored, resulting in low attention and participation during the learning process. One alternative learning method is the traditional game Gobak Sodor, which integrates physical activity, cooperation, sportsmanship, and a fun learning atmosphere. This study aims to describe the application of the traditional game Gobak Sodor in PJOK learning, determine the learning interests of students in grades III and IV, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its application at SDN Krenceng 3. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with one PJOK teacher and 36 students consisting of 18 students in grades III and 18 students in grades IV as research subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the traditional game Gobak Sodor can increase students' interest in learning, as demonstrated by increased attention, enthusiasm, active participation, cooperation, and enjoyment during physical education (PJOK) learning. Supporting factors include teacher creativity, student enthusiasm, and the availability of school facilities, while inhibiting factors include weather conditions, limited learning time, and differences in students' physical abilities. Thus, the traditional game Gobak Sodor can be an effective alternative for PJOK learning to increase elementary school students' interest in learning.
Interest in Learning; Gobak Sodor; Physical Education; Traditional Games; Elementary school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abbel Sekarmastiti, Rendhitya Prima Putra, M.Pd, Septyaning Lusianti, M.Pd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Drill Exercises to Improve Backhand Stroke Accuracy in Badminton Extracurricular Activities
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of drill exercises in improving backhand stroke accuracy in badminton extracurricular activities at MTs 7 Tulungagung. The research used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. The participants were 24 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a backhand accuracy skill test before and after training, supported by observation and documentation. The training was conducted in 18 sessions over eight weeks, three times per week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and a paired sample t-test. The results showed that the mean score increased from 51.83 in the pretest to 61.38 in the posttest. The paired sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. Therefore, drill exercises significantly improve students’ backhand stroke accuracy.
Drill exercise; backhand stroke; badminton; extracurricular activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pieter Setiawan, Dhedhy Yuliawan, Muhammad Yanuar Rizky http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Survey Of Factors Supporting Achievement Motivation Of Swimming Athletes Of The Arwana Club, Kediri City
Achievement motivation is an important factor in achieving swimming athletes' achievements and is influenced by various supporting factors in the sports coaching process. This study aims to describe the supporting factors of achievement motivation of swimming athletes at the Arwana Club in Kediri City, including facilities and infrastructure, coaches, and the club ecosystem. The study used a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through a validated Likert scale questionnaire and given to 8 swimming athletes selected using a random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency distribution, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, and score categorization. The results showed that the supporting factors of athlete achievement motivation had an average value of 142.50 with a standard deviation of 16.71; the highest score was 170, and the lowest score was 117. A total of 37.5% of athletes were in the high category, 50% in the medium category, and 12.5% ​​in the low category. These findings indicate that the supporting factors of achievement motivation of swimming athletes at the Arwana Club in Kediri City are generally in the medium category. It was concluded that the facilities and infrastructure, coaches, and club ecosystem have provided sufficient support for athletes' achievement motivation, but still need to be optimized to improve the quality of coaching and athletes' achievement in a sustainable manner.
Achievement motivation; Swimmes; Sports facilities and infrastructure; Coaches ; Club ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurita Monica Sari, Rendhitya Prima Putra, Septyaning Lusianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games Training Model on Improving the Passing Skills of Futsal Players at SMAN 7 Kediri
This study was motivated by the low passing skills of the futsal players at SMAN 7 Kediri, as indicated by poor passing accuracy, target precision, and coordination among players during the game. One alternative training method that can be used to improve passing skills is the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model, which provides players with more opportunities to interact with the ball in game situations that closely resemble actual match conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model on improving the passing skills of the futsal players at SMAN 7 Kediri. This study employed an experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of 28 male futsal players from SMAN 7 Kediri, while the sample comprised 20 players selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a futsal passing skills test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality testing, homogeneity testing, and hypothesis testing with a paired-samples t-test using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that the mean pretest score increased from 5.90 to 7.10 in the posttest, representing an improvement of 20.33%. The normality test indicated that the data were normally distributed (pretest Sig. = 0.604; posttest Sig. = 0.320), while the homogeneity test showed that the data were homogeneous (Sig. = 0.382). The hypothesis test produced a t-value of −5.080 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model had a significant effect on improving the passing skills of the futsal players at SMAN 7 Kediri. Therefore, the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model can be recommended as an effective training method for improving passing skills in school-level futsal coaching programs.
Small-sided games 3 vs 3; Passing skills; Futsal; Training .
Copyright (c) 2026 Jefri Ardianto, Muhammad Yanuar Rizky, Mokhammad Firdaus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0