Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan Mandala
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The Role Of Teachers In Influenced Religious And Moral Values In Children Multicultural Class For 5-6 Years Old At Satya Prawira Kindergarten Year 2025
This study aims to describe the role of teachers in instilling religious and moral values, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for teachers in multicultural classrooms at Satya Prawira Kindergarten in 2025. This is a descriptive qualitative study. The subjects of this study are 33 students from Group B of Satya Prawira Kindergarten. The focus of the study is the teacher's role in instilling religious and moral values in a multicultural classroom. The results of this study show that teachers play a crucial role in enhancing children's development, especially in terms of religious and moral values. In instilling and developing these values, teachers employ various teaching methods and strategies, such as implementing positive habits, fostering religious tolerance, and creating policies that promote equality among students of different backgrounds. Conclusion: Teachers' efforts in instilling religious and moral values in Group B children can be carried out through cultivating positive habits, fostering tolerance among children, and formulating fair policies that ensure equality among all students from diverse backgrounds.Supporting factors include high levels of tolerance, the habitual development of positive attitudes, a conducive school environment, and adequate facilities and infrastructure.Inhibiting factors include the diversity of cultural and religious backgrounds, differences in values and norms, the challenge of identifying similarities and differences, limited teacher knowledge, and lack of involvement from parents and the community. Keywords:Teacher's role, religious and moral values, multicultural
Copyright (c) 2025 RINDI YANI, M. ARZANI, MUHAMMAD MUHAJIRIN http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving The Cognitive Development Of 5-6 Year-Old Children By Using Outbound Activities At Anak Ceria Tembobor Kindergarten In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
This study aims to improve the cognitive development of children aged 5-6 years at TK Anak Ceria Tembobor. The number of subjects was 20 children. This research is a class action research. The data that has been collected is analyzed by observation, interview and documentation techniques, using classical and personal / individual completeness formulas. The result of this study is that using outbound activities can improve the cognitive development of children aged 5-6 years at Anak Ceria Tembobor Kindergarten. This is evidenced by the cognitive improvement data obtained by children has increased, starting from the data before the implementation of the action until the implementation of cycle II action. Before the implementation of the completed as many as 2 people with a percentage of 20%. in cycle I got a complete child, namely 5 children with a percentage of 50%. and at the end of cycle II action obtained significant action, namely 9 children with a percentage of 90% cognitive improvement. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research. Classroom action research is defined as a practical research to improve learning in the classroom, by taking action to find solutions to problems faced daily in the classroom. So that in essence the implementation of class action research is carried out in order for teachers to be willing to introspect, reflect, reflect or evaluate themselves on their own. Keywords: Cognitive, Outbound activities, Early Childhood
Copyright (c) 2025 SITI HAJAR, MARZOAN MARZOAN, JUANDRA PRISMA MAHENDRA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization Of Audio Visual Media In Interactive Learning At SDN 1 Teniga In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
The purpose of this research is to describe the form of audio visual media and its use in managing interactive learning at SDN 1 Teniga in the 2024/2025 school year and to describe the process of using audio visual media in interactive learning at SDN 1 Teniga in the 2024/2025 school year. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with the Milles and Hubberman research design model.The results of the study 1) show that the forms of audio visual media used in managing interactive learning at SDN 1 Teniga are in the form of audio visual media based on animated learning videos and game-based learning media (gamefication) such as quiz. The learning media is used during the learning process in the classroom. 2) The use of audio-visual media in interactive learning at SDN 1 Teniga begins with initial planning, determining learning objectives, selecting and creating animated videos and quizzes. Followed by implementation in the classroom starting from the opening greeting, reminding the previous material, showing animated video-based material, then the teacher invites students to discuss the learning material and finally the evaluation using the quiz application.
Copyright (c) 2025 SUKARDI SUKARDI, RADEN SUMIADI, MUHAMMAD MUHAJIRIN http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Collaborative Learning To Develop Communication Skills Of Grade 4 Students SDN 2 For The Academic Year 2024/2025
This study aims to describe the implementation of collaborative learning to develop the communication skills of 4th-grade students at SDN 2 Selengen in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research question in this study is: How is collaborative learning implemented to develop the communication skills of 4th-grade students at SDN 2 Selengen? Collaborative learning encourages students to actively engage in discussions, exchange ideas, and work together to complete tasks, thereby providing ample space for strengthening both verbal and non-verbal communication skills.This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation during the learning process. The subjects of this study were the principal, the class teacher, and the students.The results of the study show that through collaborative learning activities, students had more opportunities to engage in discussions both to express their opinions and to listen actively. The findings also show that collaborative learning teaches students that within a group, all members share equal responsibility for completing the tasks assigned by the teacher. Thus, collaborative learning has proven effective in comprehensively developing students' communication skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 NURMAWADI NURMAWADI, LALU HABIBURRAHMAN, ANA MULYONO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Application of Game-Based Learning Methods on Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Grade V of SDN 2 Bentek in the 2024/2025 Academic Year
This study focuses on analysing the application of game-based learning methods in mathematics learning in fifth grade elementary school. In addition, this study also aims to identify factors that influence the effectiveness of applying game-based learning methods in mathematics learning and to describe the impact of applying game-based learning methods in improving mathematics learning outcomes. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive type and employs the Miles and Huberman design model.The research results indicate that the implementation of Game-Based Learning (GBL) in mathematics education has proven effective in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes. This approach aligns with Csikszentmihalyi's Flow Theory and Piaget-Vygotsky's Constructivism Theory, where learning through games fosters full engagement and deeper conceptual understanding. The implementation of Game-Based Learning through systematic stages—from planning, preparing materials, conducting interactive activities, to reflection—successfully creates a enjoyable and meaningful learning environment. Indicators of success include students' ability to connect abstract concepts with games, increased group participation, and positive student responses. However, its effectiveness heavily depends on time management, availability of teaching materials, student enthusiasm, and adequate facilities and resources. The positive impact of the game-based learning method is evident in increased motivation, activity, and understanding of mathematics among students, while also developing logical and collaborative thinking skills. Although it requires extra preparation regarding media and time, its benefits in creating interactive and contextual learning make the game-based learning method an innovative alternative. For optimization, teachers need to adapt this method to classroom conditions and address its weaknesses through careful planning. Thus, the game-based learning method can be applied as a dynamic mathematics learning strategy, especially at the elementary school level, to achieve effective and memorable learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 TIRATUL AINI, NUNUNG MARDIANTI, TUTI ALAWIYAH http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Traditional Congklak Game-Based Learning To Improve The Numeracy Of Grade 3 Students Of SDN 3 Menggala In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
This classroom action research aims to enhance the numeracy skills of 3rd-grade students at SDN 3 Menggala through the traditional Congklak game. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, tests, and documentation, with observation guides, interview guides, test guides, and documentation guides as data collection tools. The results showed a significant increase in students' numeracy skills, from an initial 23% to 46.1% in the first cycle, and further to 84.6% in the second cycle. This demonstrates that the Congklak game is effective in improving numeracy. The average numeracy ability of students increased according to predetermined success criteria, proving the effectiveness of this approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. BAEHAKI, SUKARTO SUKARTO, MUSAFIR MUSAFIR http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of The Impact Of Social Media On Student Learning Outcomes In Grade 5 Of SDN 7 Sambik Bangkol In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
This study aims to describe the impact of social media on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN 7 Sambik Bangkol in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research was conducted at SDN 7 Sambik Bangkol on fifth-grade students with a total of 41 students. This study focuses on the impact of social media on the academic performance of fifth-grade students. This is a qualitative study with a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study are fifth-grade students at SDN 7 Sambik Bangkol, focusing on the impact of social media on students' academic performance at school. The results of this study indicate that the impact of social media use on fifth-grade students at SDN 7 Sambik Bangkol is as follows: Social media affects students' focus on learning, social media affects students' motivation to learn, social media affects students' study time, the impact of social media on students depends on parental/teacher supervision, social media depends on the purpose of use (educational or entertainment), social media as a communication tool between students and teachers, social media addiction, and negative or age-inappropriate content (such as hoaxes, violence, etc.). From these impacts, we can conclude that students' study time is reduced due to excessive social media addiction, leading to a decline in academic performance among fifth-grade students at SDN 7 Sambik Bangkol.
Copyright (c) 2025 SAHRUL SAHRUL, ANA MULYONO, NUNUNG MARDIANTI http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Public Speaking in Academic Context: A Study of Student Communication Obstacles and Strategies
Public speaking is one of the most important skills for students. Public communication skills not only play a role in supporting academic success, but also provide great benefits in professional and social life. In fact, it turns out that many students still experience obstacles when they have to speak in front of many people, including in academic presentations. Based on these facts, this study attempts to classify the obstacles to public communication of students so that recommendations can be provided to overcome these obstacles to public communication in the campus environment. Data were collected using observation and interview methods. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the content analysis method and presented informally. The findings of this study are several obstacles to public communication, namely linguistic, psychological, technical, environmental, body movement, mastery of material, and visual aids. From these findings, it is concluded that the obstacles to public communication in students' academic presentations mostly come from internal factors (linguistic, psychological, body movement, and mastery of material) and external factors (technical, visual aids, and environmental). Students who are less accustomed to public speaking tend to have difficulty organizing material and delivering it well. In addition, the lack of training in the use of presentation aids worsens the situation
Copyright (c) 2025 Wika Wahyuni http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher's Efforts In Improving Children's Self-Confidence Through The Role-Playing Method In Group B II At The Muslim Cadani Integrated Islamic Kindergarten In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
Researchers found significant problems at the Muslim Madani Islamic Integrated Kindergarten, which could have a negative impact on the children's future. These problems include children lacking confidence to express their feelings, feeling shy in front of large groups of people, and feeling embarrassed to perform in front of others. Therefore, the researchers were interested in investigating whether role-playing methods could enhance the self-confidence of 5-6-year-old children at the Islamic Integrated Muslim Kindergarten Madani for the 2024/2025 academic year. The research method used in this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR) by Kemmis & McTaggart. The results of the study found that this role-playing method is highly effective in enhancing self-confidence in children aged 5-6 years at the Muslim Madani Integrated Islamic Kindergarten. The study results show that in Cycle I, children's self-confidence reached 53.3%, which was followed by Cycle II, in Cycle II, the children's self-confidence increased to 86.6%, meaning that the criteria for significant development were met with a classical percentage of 80% achieved in this study. On average, the children's self-confidence improved, particularly through the role-playing method to enhance self-confidence in Group B2 at the Muslim Madani Integrated Islamic Kindergarten for the 2024/2025 academic year.
Copyright (c) 2025 NILATUL ASLAMIAH, JUANDRA PRISMA MAHENDRA, RUSMAN HADI http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Singing Method In English Language Learning On Memory Of Grade 1 Students At SD II Muslim Madani In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
This study aims to describe the implementation of the singing method in language learning and the supporting and inhibiting factors of applying the singing method in English language learning on the memory of first-grade students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research was conducted at SD Islam Integrasi Muslim Madani, Gubuk Baru Tanjung, involving 25 first-grade students in the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. This study is qualitative research, with data obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation. This research discusses the implementation of the singing method in English language learning to enhance the memory of first-grade students at SDII Muslim Madani, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing it. The results indicate that the singing method is highly effective in improving students’ memory, learning motivation, and English proficiency, particularly through structured steps such as material preparation, song repetition, the use of visual media, and active student engagement. Support from the school, availability of facilities, and the creative role of teachers are key factors in the success of this method. Meanwhile, challenges include time constraints, inadequate audio facilities, and varying student interests and abilities. However, these obstacles can be overcome with appropriate strategies, such as forming small groups and utilizing personal devices. Overall, the singing method is a fun and effective learning strategy for enhancing English language skills at the elementary education level.
Copyright (c) 2025 IDA HANDAYANI, M. ARZANI, MUH. HAMDANI http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Guided Reading Method in Improving Students' Reading Comprehension Skills in Grade IV of SDN 1 Anyar
The aim of this research is to improve students' reading comprehension skills by using the guided reading method in grade IV students of SDN 1 Anyar, North Lombok Regency. This research is qualitative research with a classroom action approach (CAR), which consists of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. This research was conducted in the fourth grade of SDN 1 Anyar, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency, with 28 fourth grade students as subjects. To obtain valid data, the data collection instruments used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines, documentation, and reading comprehension tests. Data collection techniques were carried out through activity of observation, interviews, documentation, and tests. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicate that there was an increase in the reading comprehension skills of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Anyar using the guided reading method which can be seen from the percentage of students who completed in cycle I 57.14% and in cycle II the percentage of students who completed 82.14%, thus increasing by 25%.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neta Karlina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of The Principal's Transformational Leadership In Improving Teacher Performance At State Elementary School 2 Tanjung, Tanjung District
This study aims to describe the Analysis of Principal Transformational Leadership in Improving Teacher Performance at SD Negeri 2 Tanjung, Tanjung District. The main focus of this research, namely: (1) the transformational leadership style of the principal of SD Negeri 2 Tanjung in improving teacher performance.This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are done through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman Model. Transformational leadership style is characterized by the principal's ability to provide motivation, inspiration, individual attention, and encourage innovation in the school environment. The results of the study showed that the principal applied four main dimensions of transformational leadership, namely idealistic influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. The application of this leadership style has a positive impact on improving teacher performance, which can be seen from the increase in discipline, responsibility, professionalism, and active participation in school activities. This study concludes that transformational leadership style is effective in creating a conducive work environment and encouraging improved teacher performance at SD Negeri 2 Tanjung.
Copyright (c) 2025 MUHAMMAD MUZAKKIR, MUSAFIR MUSAFIR, RAUHUN JANNAH http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role Of Teachers In Training The Independence Of Children Aged 4-5 Years In Group A Of Tkn Pembina Dewi Kayangan In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
The purpose of this study is to determine the role of teachers in training the independence of children aged 4-5 years at TKN Pembina Dewi Kayangan, as well as to determine how teachers play a role in training children's independence. The study was conducted at TKN Pembina Dewi Kayangan in Karang Lande Village, Kayangan Subdistrict, Kayangan District, KLU, with a total of 4 students, consisting of 7 boys and 8 girls. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, a research methodology that focuses on a deep understanding of phenomena in their natural context. The research used Milles Hubberman's data analysis method, which consists of four stages: data condensation, data display, drawing conclusions, and verifying conclusions.The results of this study at the Dewi Kayangan State Kindergarten indicate that the development of independence among children in Group A (ages 4–5) has shown significant progress through a structured approach that includes routine activities, positive reinforcement, and direct modeling by teachers. The children were able to achieve physical independence (such as tidying up toys and eating independently), emotional independence (expressing needs), social independence (interacting with peers), cognitive independence (decision-making), and responsibility through the daily task program. Despite challenges such as individual developmental variations, teacher-child ratio limitations, and the influence of parenting styles at home, collaboration between schools and parents, along with a conducive learning environment, has successfully established a strong foundation for independence. These findings also emphasize the importance of consistent methods, differentiated approaches, and the optimization of supportive resources for more holistic and inclusive independence development in young children.
Copyright (c) 2025 NENI YULIA, MUHAMMAD MUHAJIRIN, MUH. HAMDANI http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Feasibility Analysis of Inquiry-Based Learning DesignSocio-Scientific Issues (SSI) to Improve Students' Halal Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills on Additives and Addictive Substances
This study aims to analyze the feasibility of an inquiry-based Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) learning design developed to enhance halal literacy and critical thinking skills among junior high school students on the topic of additives and addictive substances. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a Research and Development (R&D) method, focusing on the product validation stage. Data were collected through validation sheets completed by three expert validators, covering 11 assessment components with a total of 57 aspects. The data were analyzed by calculating the feasibility percentage of each component. The validation results indicated an average feasibility score of 97.6%, categorized as excellent. These findings suggest that the developed learning design meets the criteria of content completeness, clarity of objectives, appropriateness of approach, and assessment feasibility, making it suitable for implementation in subsequent learning stages.
Copyright (c) 2025 Laeli Kurmatillah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Audio-Visual Media In Science Learning In Class Iv A (Case Study At Tanjung 2 Public Elementary School, 2024/2025 Academic Year)
This study aims to describe the implementation of audio-visual media in learning Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) in class IV A of SD Negeri 2 Tanjung in the 2024/2025 academic year. The main focus of this research includes two things, namely: (1) the steps of using audio visual media in the IPAS learning process, and (2) the use of audio visual media in the learning evaluation process.This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman Model. The results showed that the steps of using audio-visual media started from careful planning by the teacher, selecting media in accordance with the material, implementing learning with the help of learning videos, and closing in the form of discussion and reflection. Audio visual media is not only used in delivering material, but also in the learning evaluation process. Teachers utilize video-based interactive quizzes, as well as digital worksheets inserted in the show to measure student understanding in a direct and fun way.The use of audio-visual media is proven to increase students' learning motivation, facilitate understanding of IPAS concepts, and make the evaluation process more interesting and participatory.This finding shows that audio-visual media can be an effective learning tool, both in delivering material and in the process of assessing student learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 VERA PARA DILA, M. TAUFIK, MAULIDA ARUM FITRIANA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving The Ability Of Subtracting Small Numbers By Large Numbers Using The Jurang Board Media For 2nd Grade Elementary School Students At Sdn 4 Gondang In The 2024/2025 Academic Year
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using a cliff board in improving the ability of second-grade students at SDN 4 Gondang in subtraction operations between small and large numbers. This study is a classroom action research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of two sessions, each allocated 2×35 minutes per session. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data was collected through post-test assessments at the end of each cycle and observations of teacher and student activities during instruction. The results of the study indicate an improvement in student learning outcomes, with the average student score increasing from 54 in Cycle I to 84.5 in Cycle II. Student learning achievement also improved significantly from 45% in Cycle I to 90% in Cycle II. Thus, the use of the abacus board medium was proven effective in improving students' ability in subtraction operations.
Copyright (c) 2025 SURHANA SURHANA, M. TAUFIK, MAULIDA ARUM FITRIANA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
When Text Meets Context: Sociological and Hadith Perspectives on Interfaith Marriage in Indonesian Muslim Society
This study aims to analyze the perspectives of sociologists and hadith scholars on the practice of interfaith marriage in Indonesia, as well as to evaluate the social and religious impacts of the interaction between these two perspectives within the context of a Muslim society that is plural yet tends to be legally conservative in religious matters. This research is significant because interfaith marriage frequently generates dissonance between the constitutional rights of citizens and shar‘i norms, while also serving as a site of value negotiation amid the increasing intensity of interreligious interactions. The method employed is descriptive qualitative research using a sociology of hadith approach, combining an analysis of both classical and contemporary hadith literature with theories of the sociology of religion. Data were collected through a literature review encompassing hadith collections, exegetical and jurisprudential works of scholars, academic publications, as well as legal and policy reports. Data analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis, hermeneutics, and comparative analysis in order to identify points of convergence and divergence between sociological and normative-hadith perspectives. The findings reveal that the sociological perspective positions interfaith marriage as a complex social phenomenon—closely related to social integration, identity negotiation, and value conflicts—whereas the hadith perspective emphasizes the preservation of faith, household stability, and protection of lineage, with only limited and conditional space for permissibility. The interaction between these perspectives produces multidimensional effects, ranging from social resistance and the marginalization of couples to the creation of interfaith dialogue spaces within inclusive urban communities. The implications of this research lie in the need for policies that bridge religious norms and positive law, including through interfaith dialogue, public education, and pastoral guidance for interfaith families. The originality of this study lies in its integration of sociological analysis with hadith studies to contextualize the issue of interfaith marriage, offering an analytical framework that connects religious texts with socio-historical dynamics, and providing practical contributions for policy development in plural societies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diki Achmad Zulkarnaen, Wahyudin Darmalaksana, Reza Pahlevi Dalimunthe, Engkos Kosasih, Rizzaldy Satria Wiwaha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence Of Digital Literacy Based On Bima's Local Wisdom On The Critical Thinking Ability Of Classroom Students Viii 10 At SMPN 1 Woha
This study aims to analyze the effect of digital literacy based on Bima local wisdom on students’ critical thinking skills in Grade VIII 10 at SMPN 1 Woha in the Informatics subject. The background of this research is the low ability of students to critically analyze digital information. The research method employed was a Pre-Experimental Design with the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research subjects consisted of 29 students selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test constructed based on Facione’s (2015) indicators, including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation. The instrument was validated by three experts, consisting of two subject matter experts and one educational evaluation expert, who confirmed that the test items were suitable for use. The research procedure consisted of three stages: (1) pretest, to measure students’ initial critical thinking skills; (2) treatment, namely digital literacy learning based on Bima local wisdom in the Informatics subject integrating cultural values with digital content; and (3) posttest, to measure the improvement of critical thinking skills after the treatment.The results showed a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills after the treatment. The mean score increased from 44.48 in the pretest to 82.06 in the posttest, with a difference of 37.58 points. The Wilcoxon test result indicated Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 (<0.05), confirming a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. The effect size calculation using Cohen’s d = 2.66 indicated that the treatment had a very large effect. Pedagogically, this study confirms the effectiveness of integrating digital literacy with local wisdom in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. Culturally, it contributes to the preservation of Bima’s local values. However, this study is limited by a small sample size, non-normal data distribution, and a relatively short duration of the learning intervention. Future research is recommended to involve larger and more diverse samples, employ control groups, and apply longitudinal designs to assess long-term effects. This study suggests that schools and teachers should develop culturally grounded digital-based learning models as a strategy to strengthen 21st-century skills while reinforcing students’ cultural identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fajrun fajrun http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the Teaching Games for Understanding Learning Model on the Learning Motivation of Grade VIII Students in Athletics at SMPN 1 Ambalawi
Introduction: In implementing physical education and health learning, a pleasant learning atmosphere is needed with the aim of increasing students' interest and motivation in learning. Materials and Methods: This study used a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 20 eighth-grade students selected based on initial observations, 60% of whom showed low learning motivation. Data collection was conducted by administering learning motivation questionnaires before (pretest) and after (posttest) the application of the TGFU model. The pretest and posttest data were then analyzed using a paired sample t-test to determine the significance of the difference in learning motivation before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed a significant increase in student learning motivation. The average pretest score of 68.45 (with a mastery level of 46%) increased to 126 (mastery level of 84%) on the posttest. This increase shows that TGFU can create a more enjoyable, interactive learning atmosphere that is in line with the developmental needs of students. Conclusion: The TGFU learning model is effective in increasing students' learning motivation in athletics. This approach can be presented as an innovative learning alternative in physical education because it encourages active student involvement and provides meaningful learning experiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Januar Ansyari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Animated Video Media Material of Fusion Food For Culinary Expertise Students (SMKN 3 Tangerang)
The purpose of this study is to develop and assess the feasibility of animated video learning media for fusion food material for Culinary expertise students at SMKN 3 Tangerang. This research is a type of Research & Development research with a 4D model. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the validation of the material expert's assessment obtained an average of 79.23% with the category of Feasible. The media expert's assessment obtained an average of 78.66% with the category of Feasible. And the language expert's assessment obtained an average of 86.66% with the category of Very Feasible. While the results of the initial field trial obtained an average of 78.60% with the category of Feasible, the results of the small group trial obtained an average of 83.37% with the category of Feasible, and the large group trial obtained an average of 88.67% with the category of Very Feasible. The assessment of the user response test results obtained an average of 97.78% with the category of Very Interested. It can be concluded that the development of animated video media for fusion food material for culinary expertise students (SMKN 3 Tangerang) is declared suitable to be used as a learning resource.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anandita Indira Hayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization Of Board Game Flofahunt Media To Train Students' Critical Thinking Skills In Grade V Science Material At SDN 216 Sondariah, Bandung City
FloFaHunt is an educational game-based learning media designed to integrate biodiversity content—specifically Indonesian flora and fauna—with an active and enjoyable learning approach. This study employed a mixed methods approach using a concurrent embedded design, combining quantitative and qualitative data through critical thinking tests and student response questionnaires. By implementing the STAD-type cooperative learning model with the FloFaHunt board game, the learning outcomes showed a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, with the average n-gain score falling into the high category. Meanwhile, the qualitative data revealed that students responded positively to the learning process, particularly in terms of engagement, enthusiasm, and conceptual understanding. These findings indicate that the use of the FloFaHunt board game is effective in fostering critical thinking skills and active
Copyright (c) 2025 Winda Nur Azizah, Dede Trie Kurniawan, Rendi Restiana Sukardi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis on High School Student's Concern Towards River in Cimanggung and Its Surrounding
Environmental issues in the river area have received less attention, even though the river plays a big role in people's lives, especially those around it. It is important to know the concern of high school students for the environment because they are the next generation of the region's future development. One of the rivers in the Cimanggung area is the Cimande River. This study aims to analyze the environmental concerns of high school students regarding the river environment in the Cimanggung Area and its surroundings. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative method, with respondents of high school students in the Cimanggung area totaling 139 respondents with an age range of 15-18 years. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and literature studies. The instrument used to determine the level of student concern for the environment uses a Likert scale consisting of 25 questions and 5 interview questions. The results showed that the level of student concern was broadly in the good category with an average score of 76.9. The results of observations and interviews show that the waste contained in the river environment is waste from people who pass by, not residents who live around the river area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rina Karwatisari, Hertien Koosbandiah Surtikanti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Compensation on Teacher Performance at Muhammadiyah Elementary School 12 Pamulang
This study aims to determine the effect of compensation on teacher performance at Muhammadiyah 12 Elementary School, Pamulang. This study aims to determine the extent of compensation's influence on teacher performance at Muhammadiyah 12 Elementary School, Pamulang. This quantitative study used a questionnaire as the data collection method. The sampling technique used a census or total sampling of 65 respondents. The data analysis method used simple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS 29. The results of this study indicate that compensation has an effect on teacher performance. This is evidenced by the results of the simple linear regression analysis, which yielded a figure of 51.3% and the remaining 48.7%. If the compensation received is in accordance with the job description, teacher performance will improve, and conversely, if the compensation is not in accordance, teacher performance will decline. The magnitude of the effect of compensation on teacher performance is 51.3%. This is evidenced by the results of the coefficient of determination.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maya Dwi Febrianti, Bambang Irawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Challenge of Maintaining Local Culture in the Global Era (Case Study of the RT Culture Competition, RT 4, Cemandi Village, Sedati District, SidoarjoRegency)
Introduction: This study examines the challenges of preserving local culture in the era of globalization by focusing on the Cultural Neighborhood Competition (Lomba RT Berbudaya) in RT 4, Cemandi Village, Sedati Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. The phenomenon of globalization, digital transformation, industrialization, and decreasing open spaces poses significant threats to cultural sustainability. The competition serves as a community-based initiative aimed at both strengthening social solidarity and preserving cultural values. Material and Methods: The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews with the head of RT 4 and representatives from the Community and Village Empowerment Agency (DPMD). To ensure validity and reliability, data were analyzed using source triangulation. The theoretical framework is based on concepts of social solidarity, mutual cooperation, communal harmony, and the role of community participation in cultural preservation. Research Results: Findings indicate that the Cultural Neighborhood Competition has a dual role: functioning as a contest and as a medium for fostering community cohesion. Traditional values such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong), communal harmony (guyub rukun), and togetherness were identified as essential drivers of the event’s success, encouraging active participation, collective responsibility, and a sense of belonging. Moreover, the program supports the preservation of local arts and traditions, including patrol music, banjari, PKK women’s gatherings, and the Reog Cemandi performance, which has become a cultural identity of the local community. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Cultural Neighborhood Competition is not merely ceremonial but serves as a strategic effort to strengthen social solidarity, revive traditional values, and safeguard local identity amidst the challenges of modernization and globalization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nirwasita Sakhi Azzahra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Naruto Shippuden Anime-Based Learning Media To Improve Students' Understanding Of Informatics At SMPN 3 Bolo
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Naruto Shippuden anime-based learning media in improving students’ understanding and learning motivation in Informatics at SMPN 3 Bolo. The background of this research lies in students’ difficulties in comprehending abstract informatics concepts and the lack of engaging learning media, which leads to low participation. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with 20 students as subjects. Data were collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation of pre-test and post-test results. The findings show that the implementation of this media was significantly successful. Quantitative results demonstrated a substantial improvement in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores. Qualitatively, students showed positive responses, with increased enthusiasm, active participation, and concentration. They perceived the material as easier to understand because it was linked to the storyline and characters of the anime, such as the analogy of “Jutsu” for data processing. The majority of students (93.3%) also recommended the use of this media for future learning. In conclusion, Naruto Shippuden anime-based learning media proved effective in enhancing students’ understanding and motivation. This approach represents an innovative pedagogical strategy that aligns with students’ interests and the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, offering a solution for more contextual, adaptive, and student-centered learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 muhaimin bang kemin kemin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness Of Media Use Of Flipbook Learning Marzipan In The Cake Decoration Course On Students' Knowledge Level
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact or effectiveness of using flipbook learning media about Marzipan on increasing students' knowledge of Cake Decoration courses. The research method used was a quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design, involving two comparison groups, namely: a control group (using PowerPoint) and an experimental group (using flipbook). The research instrument was 25 multiple-choice questions that had been tested for validity and reliability, as well as a student response questionnaire. Data were collected through pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test, the Mann Whitney test, and the N-Gain calculation. The results showed an increase in knowledge in both groups, but more significant in the experimental group. The Wilcoxon test showed that Zcount PowerPoint = 4.706 > Ztable 1.645 and flipbook = 4.782 > Ztable 1.645. The Mann Whitney test produced Zcount 2.183 > Ztable 1.656, indicating a significant difference between the groups. N-Gain analysis showed PowerPoint (0.52 in the moderate category) and flipbooks (0.78 in the high category). Student responses to the flipbooks were very positive, with an average of 95%. Thus, the Marzipan learning flipbooks effectively increased student knowledge while providing an interactive, enjoyable, and relevant learning experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elsanti Mura Guna, Mahdiyah Mahdiyah, Annis Kandriasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Efficiency of Islamic Education Management: Opportunities and Challenges
This study aims to examine the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving the efficiency of Islamic education management and to identify the opportunities and challenges that arise when AI is implemented. This study used a literature review method, compiling scientific articles, policy reports, and research findings from the past five years, from 2020 to 2025. The results indicate that AI offers numerous opportunities to improve administrative efficiency, enhance learning that can be tailored to student needs, support data-driven evaluation, and provide faster and more accurate academic services. Furthermore, AI also opens up opportunities to digitize the Islamic curriculum to better align with student needs and current developments. However, this study also identified several challenges. Ethical issues, personal data protection, limited digital infrastructure, educators' limited ability to use technology, and the risk of over-reliance on technology are key obstacles. Furthermore, if AI is implemented without adherence to Islamic values, it could lead to a mismatch between the goals of technology and the vision of Islamic education. Therefore, the use of AI needs to be directed wisely to align with Sharia principles and the goals of Islamic education. Thus, it can be concluded that AI is a crucial tool in accelerating the modernization of Islamic education management to make it more efficient, adaptive, and globally competitive. However, the success of AI implementation depends heavily on clear regulations, human resource readiness, supporting infrastructure, and an ethical framework grounded in Islamic values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pauzi Pauzi, Sudanto Sudanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
"The Effectiveness of the Assure Learning Model Assisted by Audio-Visual Media on Digital Literacy and Conceptual Understanding of Mathematics in Students at SMP Negeri 4 Bolo"
Introduction: The rapid evolution of digital technologies in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0 eras necessitates that students develop strong digital literacy skills alongside a deep comprehension of mathematical principles. This research examines the efficacy of the ASSURE instructional model, enhanced by audiovisual resources, in boosting digital literacy and conceptual grasp of fractions for students at SMPN 4 Bolo. Material and Methods: This research adopted a quasi-experimental approach utilizing the Nonequivalent Control Group Design, which included 40 seventh-grade students (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). The experimental group participated in instruction through the ASSURE model enhanced by audiovisual materials, whereas the control group followed standard traditional methods. Data collection tools comprised a digital literacy survey (reliability α=0.82) and a test evaluating mathematical concept comprehension (α=0.85). The analysis of data incorporated descriptive statistics, an independent samples t-test, and N-gain computations via SPSS version 26.0. Research Results: The experimental group exhibited a substantial improvement in digital literacy, rising by 26.2 points (mean pretest=52.3; mean posttest=78.5), in contrast to the control group's modest gain of 9.4 points (mean pretest=51.8; mean posttest=61.2). Regarding mathematical conceptual understanding, the experimental group advanced by 33.6 points (mean pretest=48.7; mean posttest=82.3), whereas the control group progressed by just 14.3 points (mean pretest=49.2; mean posttest=63.5). Results from the independent samples t-test confirmed notable differences (p<0.05), supported by high effect sizes (Cohen's d=2.63 for digital literacy; d=2.89 for conceptual understanding). Furthermore, the N-gain assessment indicated that the experimental group attained a moderate level (g=0.55 and g=0.65). Conclusion: The ASSURE learning model assisted by audio-visual media proved effective in significantly improving students' digital literacy and mathematical conceptual understanding. This study contributes theoretically to the integration of digital literacy with mathematical conceptual understanding, and practically to teachers in designing innovative technology-based learning that meets 21st-century educational demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Amaliah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Online Games on the Learning Concentration of Students at SMPN 1 Madapangga and the Level of Anxiety of Students' Parents
Online games currently affect various aspects of human life, including health, psychology, and concentration of students at SMPN 1 Madapangga, and cause anxiety among parents. This study is quantitative and qualitative, using descriptive qualitative methods. The population of this study was 554 students and 70 parents. The sample used was 50 students from grades VII, VIII, and IX, and 50 parents. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling in the form of purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used included observation, interviews, documentation, and Likert scale questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used included interactive/model data analysis techniques and Spearman test data analysis techniques. The results of this study, namely from 25 male students at SMPN 1 Madapangga, who experienced low concentration levels were 10 students (20%), 7 students with moderate concentration levels (14%), and 6 students with high concentration levels (12%). Meanwhile, of the 25 female students, 5 experienced low concentration levels (10%), 12 experienced moderate concentration levels (24%), and 10 experienced high concentration levels (20%). This means that more male students experienced a decrease in learning concentration compared to female students. However, in terms of anxiety levels, female parents experienced higher levels of anxiety than male parents. There were 32 female parents who experienced mild, moderate, and severe anxiety with a percentage of 64%. Meanwhile, 18 male parents experienced mild, moderate, and severe anxiety with a percentage of 36%.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Sya'aban Yudha Satria http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of an Android-Based Interactive Learning Application (PIBA APDRA) on Drama Appreciation Material for Students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program
The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of Android-based learning media for drama appreciation materials for students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program. The development method used is the ADDIE model. However, this research was limited to the Development stage. Based on the assessment results from three validators, the average score obtained was 74%. This indicates that the Android-based learning media for drama appreciation is categorized as feasible for use. The results were obtained from three validators: the material validator (70%), the media validator (75%), and the language validator (79%).
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh Shofiuddin Shofi, Ghulam Arif Rizal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Record of Communication and Language Patterns among Social Media Users in Social Media Spaces: Content and Critical Discourse Analysis on Facebook Posts by Inside Lombok
This study examines communication patterns and linguistic features used by social media users responding to three posts on the official Facebook account Inside Lombok, representing themes of public policy, local politics, and criminal law. Employing qualitative methods through content analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA), fifteen comments (five per theme) were coded according to communication patterns, language features, and sentiment. The findings indicate a predominance of negative sentiment in political and criminal topics, whereas public policy topics elicited moree diverse responses, including constructive criticism and policy recommendations. The study contributes to the understanding of how local digital spaces function as arenas for contesting meaning, legitimacy, and public demands within digital political communication frameworks (Fairclough, 2021; van Dijk, 2020).
Copyright (c) 2025 Deki Zulkarnaen, Gita Sarwadi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role Of Digital Skills In Improving Teachers’ Competencies At SDN Belo In The Society 5.0 Era
The era of Society 5.0 requires teachers to possess digital skills not merely as a complement but as a fundamental prerequisite for creating innovative, effective, and student-centered learning. This study aims to analyze the role of digital skills in improving teachers’ competencies at SDN Belo and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors they encounter. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with five purposively selected teachers as subjects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings reveal that teachers have begun to adopt digital skills, albeit in relatively simple forms such as using PowerPoint, YouTube, and communication applications. The utilization of technology has been proven to enhance teaching effectiveness, student engagement, and teachers’ confidence. Nevertheless, limited ICT facilities, insufficient practical training, and disparities in digital literacy remain the main obstacles. These findings emphasize the importance of providing practical training, strengthening digital literacy, and improving infrastructure support from the government and educational institutions. Therefore, digital skills play a strategic role in fostering the professionalism of SDN Belo teachers in the Society 5.0 era.
Copyright (c) 2025 niianindraw indraw wati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bullying Impact Analysis On The Social Development Of Students At SDN 2 Dena
Bullying Causes children to lack motivation, mental health disorders, nightmares, and even death of victims are some of the impacts that often befall children who are victims of violence. However, many teachers still fail to realize that the environment where they teach has the potential to become a place for bullying. This study aims to determine the impact of bullying on students' social and emotional development. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. The research location was carried out at SDN 2 DENA in Grade 2 located in Dena Village, Madapangga District. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. Data validation techniques include format checking, range checking, consistency checking, uniqueness checking, attendance checking, data type checking and reference checking with data processing analysis using the Miles and Huberman stage with 4 stages including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study showed that the most dominant impact of bullying occurred in the threat aspect with 24.10%, the verbal aspect 22.56%, the social-emotional aspect 21.02%, and the physical aspect 18.97%, while the relational aspect had the lowest percentage of 1.26%. In conclusion, the bullying activities that occurred at SDN 2 Dena were not only limited to physical violence, but also involved non-physical forms in the form of threats, verbal, and social-emotional, which collectively had a major impact on students. Therefore, it is necessary to implement comprehensive prevention and handling strategies, as well as build a safe and supportive school environment to improve students' social-emotional well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Diniarti, Nurwalidainismawati Nurwalidainismawati, Randi Adriansya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perceptions of Prospective Social Studies Teachers on the Effectiveness of Google Classroom in Enhancing Pedagogical Content Understanding and Teaching Readiness at Junior High Schools (SMP)
This study aims to analyze the perceptions of pre-service Social Studies (IPS) teachers regarding the effectiveness of using Google Classroom in improving pedagogical content knowledge and teaching readiness at the junior high school (SMP) level. The research employed a mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design. The participants consisted of 30 students from STKIP Harapan Bima. Quantitative data were collected through a perception questionnaire, a pedagogical understanding test, and a teaching readiness observation sheet, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and field notes. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ pedagogical content understanding (mean pretest = 62.4; posttest = 79.6; p < 0.05) with an N-Gain score of 0.45 (moderate category) and an effect size of 2.15 (very strong effect). Students’ perceptions of Google Classroom effectiveness were generally high (mean = 4.19 out of 5), particularly in the dimensions of accessibility (87%) and usefulness for learning (86%). Qualitative analysis indicated that students experienced ease in accessing materials, increased collaboration, and greater efficiency in managing assignments. The main obstacles—limited internet connectivity and digital device availability—were mitigated through adaptive learning strategies. The integration of quantitative and qualitative data demonstrates that Google Classroom is effective as a pedagogical learning medium that fosters digital literacy, self-regulated learning, and professional readiness among pre-service Social Studies teachers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulhan Sulhan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Reading Interest in Grade 3 Students of Rade Elementary School
This study aims to describe the reading interest of students in grade III of elementary school. This type of research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were grade III students and their homeroom teachers. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that the reading interest of students in grade III is good. This is evidenced by the results of the questionnaire for grade III with a total of 15 students. Only 9 students received the highest score, meaning they have a good reading interest. 4 students received a moderate score, meaning they have a fairly good reading interest. 2 students received the lowest score, meaning they have a low reading interest. This can be seen from the results of the questionnaire obtained from students. From the results of the interview, it was found that teachers always get students used to reading before studying for 15 minutes and that there are supporting factors in increasing students' reading interest, namely: reading 15 minutes before learning and intensive teacher guidance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yunita Yunita, Azra Fauzi, Yuyun Yuningsih http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Gembili Flour Substitution (Dioscorea Esculenta L.) in the Making Roti Canai on Physical Quality and Sensory Quality
This study aims to analyze the effect of substituting gembili flour in making roti canai on its physical quality and sensory properties. The study was conducted at the Pastry and Bakery Laboratory, Food Service Management Study Program, Jakarta State University, from July 2024 to August 2025. The research method used was an experiment, with samples of roti canai substituted with 20%, 25%, and 30% cassava flour. The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was no effect, while in terms of thickness, there was an effect of cooking loss, so it was followed by a Duncan test. The Duncan test results showed significant differences in each treatment. The 30% treatment had the highest average thickness of 12.45 mm. The results of the sensory quality analysis showed that there was no effect of treatment on the outer color, cassava aroma, samin oil aroma, cassava taste, savory taste, outer texture, inner texture, and layers, while in terms of inner color, there was an effect, so it was continued with Tuckey's test. The 30% treatment obtained the highest average in terms of outer color, inner color, gembili flavor, savory flavor, outer texture, inner texture, and layer. This study recommends 30% gembili flour substitution in roti canai as an effort to utilize local food ingredients.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nafisah Shofiyana Nursyabani, Alsuhendra Alsuhendra, Sachriani Sachriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Character Education In The Digital Era; Building Students Religious Values In The Midst Of Technological Disruption At Junior High School 1 Bayan
The massive digital transformation that has occurred has brought significant changes to the world of education, including in terms of character formation of students. This research aims to describe the strategy and implementation of character education in building students' religious values at SMPN 1 Bayan amidst technological disruption. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach where data is collected through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Informants consisted of school principals, Islamic religious education teachers, homeroom teachers, and students. The research results show that schools implement a number of strategies, including familiarizing themselves with religious activities, integrating religious values in learning, and using digital media as a means of character education. The main challenges faced include the negative influence of digital content and limited control over students' use of technology. However, collaboration between the school, parents and community is a key factor in maintaining and developing religious values among students. This research certainly recommends strengthening the role of teachers and innovation in value-based learning as an adaptive response to the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raden Sumiadi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Soybean Extract Substitution on Physical and Sensory Quality Pukis Cake
This study aims to analyze the effect of substituting instant coconut milk with soy milk on the physical quality and sensory quality of pukis cakes in order to determine the optimum formula for producing a product with good quality. The research method used was an experiment with three levels of soy milk substitution, namely 80%, 90%, and 100%. Physical tests were conducted by measuring height for expansion power and measuring hardness levels with a texture profile analyzer. Meanwhile, sensory quality was tested through organoleptic tests by 45 semi-trained panelists from Culinary Education students. Physical quality data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT), while sensory quality data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by Tukey's test. The results of statistical analysis showed that soybean milk substitution had a significant effect on the expansion, hardness level, and sensory characteristics of soybean flavor in pukis cakes. An increase in the percentage of soybean milk and a decrease in the use of coconut milk tended to produce pukis cakes with higher expansion, lower hardness values, and stronger soybean flavor. The formula with 80% soybean milk substitution is recommended as the optimal formulation because it produces the best balance between the physical quality and sensory quality of pukis cakes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dinda Lestari, Nur Riska, Alsuhendra - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0