Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan Mandala
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The Role Of Teachers In Improving Students' Social Interaction In Class V At SDN 1 Jenggala Through Ipas Learning
This study aims to describe the role of teachers in improving the social interaction of fifth-grade students at SDN 1 Jenggala in the 2025/2026 Academic Year through Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning, as well as to identify the inhibiting factors experienced by teachers in the process. The method used in this study is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The main subjects in this study were the IPAS teacher, the school principal, and representatives of fifth-grade students. The results showed that the teacher's role is crucial and multifaceted, namely as a facilitator who provides inclusive discussion spaces, as a motivator who arouses a collaborative spirit, and as a mediator who mediates conflicts between students. Through the implementation of collaborative learning strategies and group discussions in IPAS subjects, students' social interactions experienced a significant increase; students became more proactive, able to respect the opinions of their peers, and accustomed to working together. However, the study also found several inhibiting factors, such as limited learning time, lack of media or teaching materials relevant to collaborative methods, heterogeneity in students' abilities and characters, and a lack of internal awareness from a small portion of students about the importance of social interaction. The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing the role of teachers through innovative and collaborative approaches can form positive student social characters, although it requires strong synergy between teachers, the school, and the support of adequate learning resources.
Teacher's Role; Social Interaction; IPAS; Collaborative Learning; Elementary Students. .
Copyright (c) 2026 Candra Candra, Muhammad Muhajirin, Muh. Hamdani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Zig-Zag Training on Dribbling Agility in Players of the Porses Football School, Suruh, Trenggalek
Football requires mastery of fundamental techniques, one of which is dribbling. Agility plays an important role in supporting successful dribbling because players must be able to change direction quickly while maintaining control of the ball. Observations at the Porses Football School (SSB) in Suruh, Trenggalek indicated that players' dribbling agility was not yet optimal. This study aimed to determine the effect of zig-zag training on the dribbling agility of players at SSB Porses Suruh Trenggalek. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The population consisted of 30 players, all of whom were taken as the sample using a saturated sampling technique. The research instrument was a dribbling agility test measured in seconds. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene's homogeneity test, and a paired sample t-test with the aid of SPSS at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average dribbling agility time before the zig-zag training was 19.20 seconds, decreasing to 17.00 seconds after treatment. The data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The paired sample t-test produced a t-value of 13.174 with a significance (2-tailed) of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that zig-zag training had a significant effect on improving the dribbling agility of players at SSB Porses Suruh Trenggalek.
Zig-zag training; Agility; Dribbling; Football.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eling Santoso, Setyo Harmono, Mokhammad Firdaus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect Of Push-Up, Pull-Up, And Wheelbarrow Drills Training Methods On Right-Hand Punch Ability In Pencak Silat Athletes Of Perguruan Psht Satria Kridha
Pencak silat is a traditional Indonesian martial art in which the ability to punch is a decisive technical component in winning a match. This study aimed to examine the effect of push-up, pull-up, and wheelbarrow drills training methods on right-hand punch ability among pencak silat athletes of Perguruan PSHT Satria Kridha, and to determine which method produced the most effective improvement. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental "Two Groups Pretest-Posttest Design" was employed. The population consisted of 21 athletes; all were taken as the sample using total sampling and divided equally by ordinal pairing into three groups of seven athletes, each receiving push-up, pull-up, or wheelbarrow drills training. Right-hand punch ability was measured using a 30-second punch test before and after an eight-week training program, and the data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the F homogeneity test, and paired-sample as well as independent t-tests using SPSS 23 at a 5% significance level. The results showed a significant effect of push-up training (t = 7.593; sig. = 0.001), pull-up training (t = 7.746; sig. = 0.001), and wheelbarrow drills (t = 8.796; sig. = 0.000) on right-hand punch ability, since t-count exceeded t-table (1.833). The comparative test among the three post-test groups produced t = 13.219 (sig. = 0.000), indicating a significant difference, with the push-up method resulting in the highest post-test mean (24.50) compared with pull-up (4.67) and wheelbarrow drills (3.21). It is concluded that push-up training is the most effective method for improving right-hand punch ability in pencak silat athletes and is recommended as a priority strength-training component for coaches.
push-up pull-up wheelbarrow drills right-hand punch pencak silat
Copyright (c) 2026 Yohanes Verdian Luky Trisdiono, Rendhitya Prima Putra, Sugito http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Industrial Engineering Students' Difficulties in Understanding English Technical Vocabulary: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Mastery of technical vocabulary plays an important role for Industrial Engineering students because it can help students understand academic literature and prepare for future careers. However, many students still struggle to understand English technical terms. This study analyses the challenges encountered by the students, the factors underlying the challenges, and the strategies students used to master technical vocabulary. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving ten Industrial Engineering students selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analysed using the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that difficulties arise when students read journal articles, access reference books, and operate industry software written in English. Students frequently struggle not merely to translate unfamiliar terms, but also to link terms to their disciplinary concepts. These difficulties stem from limited general vocabulary, inconsistent learning habits, and insufficient exposure to technical terms during academic study. To cope, students engage in self-directed learning, draw on digital technology and artificial intelligence, and discuss unfamiliar terms with peers and lecturers. These findings highlight the need for more contextual instruction to strengthen the mastery of technical vocabulary.
technical vocabulary, Industrial Engineering, learning difficulty, learning strategy, qualitative research
Copyright (c) 2026 Suprih Ambawani , Siti Saudah, Bernadeta Eko Putranti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect Of The Use Of Ankle Weights On The Quality Of "T" Kick Of PSHT Students Of Sidoarjo Branch In Prambon Village
The quality of the T kick is one of the important aspects in pencak silat, which is inrvation results, the quality of the T kick of PSHT Sidoarjo Branch students in Prambon Village is still not optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of using ankle weights on the quality of T kicks. The study used a quantitative method with a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 16 students selected using a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through kick quality tests before and after treatment, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and paired-samples t-tests. The results of the study showed an increase in the average score from 25.50 in the pretest to 33.69 in the posttest. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) value = 0.000 (p <0.05), which indicates that the use of ankle weights has a significant effect on improving the quality of T kicks. Thus, training using ankle weights is effective as an alternative training method to improve the quality of T kicks in PSHT students.
ankle weight, kualitas tendangan T, pencak silat, PSHT, latihan resistensi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad zundan Amanulloh, Ardhi Mardiyanto Indra Purnomo, Wasis Himawanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluating AIDA Learning Transfer Through Students’ Proposals
Business communication & negotiation courses are targeted to develop students’ persuasive competence into authentic professional writing. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which previously learned Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action (AIDA) principles are reflected in proposals produced by student groups in a Business Communication and Negotiation course as project accomplishment. Evaluative qualitative document analysis was used in this study with a directed content analysis approach. Seven submitted group proposals were screened and analyzed. The result indicates that Interest and Desire were the strongest elements, each receiving a mean analytic rating of 2.43 on a 0–3 scale. Attention was unevenly developed (M = 1.57), while Action was the weakest element (M = 1.29), particularly when proposals ended with general expressions of hope rather than a specific next step. Overall, the corpus demonstrates moderate transfer of AIDA learning. The students were generally able to relate their proposals to stakeholder needs and explain the benefits of their proposed solutions. However, they were less successful in supporting attention-building statements with evidence and in giving readers a clear and specific next step. These findings suggest that student-produced business proposals can provide useful evidence of learning transfer
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Setyaningsih Nernere http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Work Commitment, Work Motivation, and Work Attitude on the Performance of Vocational High School ICT Teachers in Bima Regency
The objectives of the study are (1) to describe the performance of ICT teachers at State Vocational Schools in Bima Regency, (2) to examine the influence of work commitment on teacher performance, (3) to examine the influence of work motivation on teacher performance, (4) to examine the influence of work attitude on teacher performance, and (5) to examine the joint influence of work commitment, work motivation, and work attitude on teacher performance. This study used a quantitative correlational design involving 75 ICT teachers. The results show that work commitment accounts for 49.9% of the variance in teacher performance, work motivation accounts for 55.7%, and work attitude accounts for 50.7%. In the multiple regression model, work commitment, work motivation, and work attitude jointly account for 58.0% of the variance in teacher performance (Adjusted R Square = 0.562), and all three predictors make positive and significant contributions.
Work Commitment, Work Motivation, Work Attitude, and Teacher Performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muslimin Muslimin, Ardi Rahmawan, Lisda Ramdhani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving The Ability To Recognize Numbers In Group A Children Through Playing Foot And Hand Games At Galuh Anjani Paud
One of the factors contributing to the low numeracy recognition ability of Group A children at PAUD Galuh Anjani is the use of inappropriate and insufficiently varied teaching methods and learning media. This study aimed to improve the number recognition ability of Group A children through the implementation of the Foot and Hand Games activity at PAUD Galuh Anjani in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR). The participants were 13 children in Group A (aged 4–5 years), consisting of 8 boys and 5 girls. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The success indicator was set at 80% of the 13 children achieving an individual mastery score of 75–100, categorized as Developing as Expected (BSH) and Developing Very Well (BSB) in number recognition ability. The study was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of two meetings. Each cycle included the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of Cycle I showed an improvement in children's number recognition ability through the Foot and Hand Games activity. Before the intervention, only 5 children (38.4%) achieved the BSH and BSB categories, with an average score of 53. After the implementation of Cycle I, the number of children achieving mastery increased to 9 children (69.2%), with an average score of 70.3. Furthermore, the results of Cycle II demonstrated a significant improvement. The number of children who achieved the BSH and BSB categories increased to 11 children (84.6%), with an average score of 85.3.
Number Recognition, Foot and Hand Games, Early Childhood Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Suryani, Tuti Alawiyah, Juandra Prisma Mahendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Misconceptions In The Sasak Language Local Content Subject In Grade V Of SDN 2 Selengen In The 2025/2026 Year
This research is motivated by the importance of preserving regional languages and culture through local content subjects, particularly the Sasak Language, and the challenges students face, often leading to misunderstandings or misconceptions. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the occurrence of misconceptions in the local content subject of Sasak Language in Grade V of SDN 2 Selengen. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included the local content teacher, fifth-grade students, and the school principal. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was tested using source and method triangulation. The results showed that there are three main forms of misconceptions experienced by students: (1) misconceptions due to dialect differences between textbooks and students' spoken language, (2) generalization of the meaning of language levels (base alus vs. base kasar), and (3) literal interpretation of figurative words (sesenggak or lelakaq). The causes of misconceptions originate from student factors (incorrect initial concepts, associative thinking, cognitive stage), teacher factors (teaching methods), textbooks (formal and long sentences), and environmental factors (everyday language and peer influence). The teacher's efforts to overcome misconceptions include direct comparison methods, interactive question-and-answer sessions, role-playing, gentle correction, classroom posters, and parental involvement. In conclusion, misconceptions in learning the Sasak Language are caused by a complexity of linguistic, sociocultural, and pedagogical factors. Therefore, adjustments to teaching materials and more contextual and innovative learning methods are needed to enhance student understanding and preserve Sasak culture
Misconception, Sasak Language, Local Content, Elementary School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Ayu Lestari, Ana Mulyono, Lalu Marzoan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Smart Board Tv Utilization On Learning Interest Of Grade V Students At SDN 3 Gondang In 2025/2026
This research is motivated by the low learning interest of fifth-grade students at SDN 3 Gondang due to learning that still uses conventional methods and media, causing students to become bored quickly and pay less attention to the teacher. The aims of this research are to describe how teachers apply the TV Smart Board in learning, analyze its impact on students' learning interest, and explain the obstacles in its implementation. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with subjects consisting of fifth-grade students (22 students), the fifth-grade teacher, and the principal. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from June 8-15, 2026, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model and tested for validity through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results showed that the application of the TV Smart Board is carried out through four stages: preparation, implementation, student involvement, and overcoming obstacles. The impact is very positive on students' learning interest, including increased attention, enjoyment, interest, participation, engagement, and learning motivation. The obstacles faced include technical obstacles (complicated preparation, network and device disruptions, limited number of devices), obstacles from the student side (excessive enthusiasm, motor difficulties, lack of courage, differences in interest), and obstacles from the teacher side (limited competence, suboptimal learning design, limited preparation time, lack of technical maintenance). In conclusion, the TV Smart Board has a positive impact on increasing students' learning interest, although there are still various obstacles that need to be overcome through improving teacher competence, adding infrastructure, and providing more adequate technical support from the school
TV Smart Board; Learning Interest; Digital Learning Media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adeling Wathoni, M. Taufik, Fitriani Rahayu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use of Smart TV to Improve Reading Aloud Skills of Grade 2 Students at SDN 1 Selengen
This study aims to analyze and describe the use of Smart TV in improving the reading aloud skills of Grade 2 students at SDN 1 Selengen in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from Grade 2 students and teachers. The findings indicate that Smart TV was implemented through three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Field observations showed that students became more attentive to the displayed text, followed punctuation cues more consistently, and were more willing to participate in reading activities. Interviews with the teacher and students also indicated that audiovisual modeling helped students practice pronunciation, articulation, intonation, and pauses, while choral reading provided support before individual performance. The use of Smart TV therefore showed positive potential in supporting reading aloud learning, particularly in increasing student engagement, providing visual-auditory modeling, and creating a more supportive atmosphere for students who were initially reluctant to read aloud in front of the class.
Smart TV; Reading Aloud; Digital Literacy; 2nd Grade Elementary School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Amrillah, Rauhun Jannah, Nunung Mardianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Interest in Becoming a Teacher among Students of the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program
This study was motivated by the persistently low interest among some students in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Padang in pursuing a career as a teacher. The study aimed to describe the level of interest in becoming a teacher and to determine the partial influence of internal and external factors on that interest. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The sample consisted of 43 students from the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program (Class of 2022), selected using purposive sampling. Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis techniques included descriptive analysis, prerequisite tests (normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests), simple regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, and the t-test. The results indicate that: (1) student interest in pursuing a teaching career tends to fall within the low-to-moderate range. (2) Internal factors have a positive relationship but do not exert a significant influence on the interest in becoming a teacher among the Class of 2022 Mechanical Engineering Education students at Universitas Negeri Padang, contributing an influence of 8.2%. (3) External factors have a positive relationship but do not exert a significant influence on the interest in becoming a teacher among the Class of 2022 Mechanical Engineering Education students at Universitas Negeri Padang, contributing an influence of 10.4%.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khalfan Gustaf Mandalika, Fiki Efendi, Rizky Ema Wulansari, Erik Fernandes http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher Strategies In Implementing Positive Reinforcement In Indonesian Language Learning For Grade 3 Students Of SDN 2 Kayangan
This study aimed to describe the teacher's strategy in implementing positive reinforcement in Indonesian language learning for third-grade students at SD Negeri 2 Kayangan and to identify the factors influencing its implementation. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The research subjects consisted of the third-grade teacher and students of SD Negeri 2 Kayangan. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that the teacher structured positive reinforcement through three main forms: (1) verbal reinforcement via praise and motivating sentences, (2) non-verbal reinforcement through positive gestures such as smiles, applause, thumbs-up, and personal guidance, and (3) giving rewards in the form of star stickers for active students or groups. This strategy was consistently applied from the introductory stage, through the core activities, to the closing of the lesson. Consequently, this strategy significantly improved students' learning motivation, active participation, courage to express opinions, and self-confidence. The factors supporting this success included the teacher's high intrinsic motivation, students' positive responses and enthusiasm, the use of engaging visual learning media, the implementation of group-based activities, and the teacher's astuteness in tailoring reinforcement to individual student characteristics.
Teacher's Strategy; Positive Reinforcement; Indonesian Language Learning; Learning Motivation.
Copyright (c) 2017 Suci Cahyani, Lalu Habiburrahman, Musafir Musafir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application Of Picture Card Media (Flashcard) To Improve Children's Ability To Recognize New Vocabulary In Permata Kindergarten
This study aimed to improve children's ability to recognize new vocabulary in Group B of TK Permata during the 2025/2026 academic year. The main issue motivating this research is the children's low mastery of new vocabulary, which impacts their communication skills. The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis & Mc. Taggart model, conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects were 15 children in Group B at TK Permata. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and performance tests. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the application of picture card media (flashcards) significantly improved the children's ability to recognize new vocabulary. In the pre-cycle stage, classical completeness only reached 13.33% (2 children achieved mastery). After implementing the flashcard media in cycle I, the completeness percentage increased to 66.67% (10 children achieved mastery). Since this result had not reached the success indicator of 80%, cycle II was carried out with several improvements. In cycle II, classical completeness increased significantly to 86.67% (13 children achieved mastery). As the results in cycle II met the target, the research was concluded. This study concludes that the use of flashcards makes children more active and enthusiastic, and helps them easily understand and remember the newly learned vocabulary
Picture Card Media; Flashcard; New Vocabulary; Early Childhood; CAR.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muliati Muliati, Muhammad Muhajirin, Muh. Hamdani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efforts To Improve Fine Motor Skills Through Paper Folding Activities In Group A1 At Sangkareang Sukadana State Kindergarten
This research is motivated by the low fine motor skills of group A1 children in TK Negeri Sangkareang Sukadana, indicated by children's difficulties in moving their finger muscles, eye-hand coordination, and inability to complete paper folding to the final stage. This study aims to improve children's fine motor skills through paper folding (origami) activities. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, referring to the Kemmis & McTaggart model. The research subjects were 15 children (7 boys and 8 girls). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the percentage of classical learning completeness with a success criterion of 80%. The results showed that in the pre-action condition, the classical completeness of the children was at 0% (all children were in the Undeveloped category). After implementing the action in Cycle I, the percentage of classical learning completeness increased to 60%. In Cycle II, after improving the method with a more interactive demonstration approach and using appropriate folding paper, the completeness percentage reached 86.67%. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of paper folding activities is proven to significantly improve the fine motor skills of early childhood group A1 at TK Negeri Sangkareang Sukadana.
Fine Motor Skills; Paper Folding; Early Childhood; Early Childhood Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maedatul Mulianah, Muhammad Muhajirin, Muh. Hamdani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Student Character Changes Through The Seven Program Habits Of Great Indonesian Children (Kaih) At Sdn 1 Kayangan
This study aims to analyze changes in student character through the Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children (KAIH) Program at SDN 1 Kayangan. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects including the Principal and Teachers from Grades 1 to 6. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the 7KAIH Program has a positive impact on student character changes, particularly in aspects of discipline, responsibility, independence, and social awareness. These changes are evident in the lower grades showing basic initiative and reduced egocentrism, as well as the upper grades demonstrating independent learning, collective empathy, and leadership. Supporting factors for program success include continuous teacher role modeling, principal managerial support, and collaborative synergy between school and parents. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors identified include lack of implementation consistency due to parenting variability, unsupportive family environmental influences (such as gadget distractions), and limited parental understanding. This study concludes that consistent and sustainable implementation of the 7KAIH Program is highly effective in shaping positive character in elementary school students and stimulating internal moral awareness (autonomous morality)
Character Change; Seven Habits of Great; Indonesian Children; Character Education; Elementary School.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anisa Rahmayani, Marzoan Marzoan, Nunung Mardianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Interest In Learning Physical And Social Sciences Through The Traditional Game Gobak Sodor Among Grade III And IV Students Of Elementary School Krenceng 3, Kediri Regency
Learning interest is one of the factors that influence students' success in following the learning process, especially in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) subjects. Learning that is less varied often causes students to feel bored, resulting in low attention and participation during the learning process. One alternative learning method is the traditional game Gobak Sodor, which integrates physical activity, cooperation, sportsmanship, and a fun learning atmosphere. This study aims to describe the application of the traditional game Gobak Sodor in PJOK learning, determine the learning interests of students in grades III and IV, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its application at SDN Krenceng 3. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with one PJOK teacher and 36 students consisting of 18 students in grades III and 18 students in grades IV as research subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the traditional game Gobak Sodor can increase students' interest in learning, as demonstrated by increased attention, enthusiasm, active participation, cooperation, and enjoyment during physical education (PJOK) learning. Supporting factors include teacher creativity, student enthusiasm, and the availability of school facilities, while inhibiting factors include weather conditions, limited learning time, and differences in students' physical abilities. Thus, the traditional game Gobak Sodor can be an effective alternative for PJOK learning to increase elementary school students' interest in learning.
Interest in Learning; Gobak Sodor; Physical Education; Traditional Games; Elementary school.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abbel Sekarmastiti, Rendhitya Prima Putra, M.Pd, Septyaning Lusianti, M.Pd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Application of Drill Exercises to Improve Backhand Stroke Accuracy in Badminton Extracurricular Activities
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of drill exercises in improving backhand stroke accuracy in badminton extracurricular activities at MTs 7 Tulungagung. The research used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. The participants were 24 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a backhand accuracy skill test before and after training, supported by observation and documentation. The training was conducted in 18 sessions over eight weeks, three times per week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and a paired sample t-test. The results showed that the mean score increased from 51.83 in the pretest to 61.38 in the posttest. The paired sample t-test showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. Therefore, drill exercises significantly improve students’ backhand stroke accuracy.
Drill exercise; backhand stroke; badminton; extracurricular activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pieter Setiawan, Dhedhy Yuliawan, Muhammad Yanuar Rizky http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Survey Of Factors Supporting Achievement Motivation Of Swimming Athletes Of The Arwana Club, Kediri City
Achievement motivation is an important factor in achieving swimming athletes' achievements and is influenced by various supporting factors in the sports coaching process. This study aims to describe the supporting factors of achievement motivation of swimming athletes at the Arwana Club in Kediri City, including facilities and infrastructure, coaches, and the club ecosystem. The study used a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through a validated Likert scale questionnaire and given to 8 swimming athletes selected using a random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency distribution, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, and score categorization. The results showed that the supporting factors of athlete achievement motivation had an average value of 142.50 with a standard deviation of 16.71; the highest score was 170, and the lowest score was 117. A total of 37.5% of athletes were in the high category, 50% in the medium category, and 12.5% ​​in the low category. These findings indicate that the supporting factors of achievement motivation of swimming athletes at the Arwana Club in Kediri City are generally in the medium category. It was concluded that the facilities and infrastructure, coaches, and club ecosystem have provided sufficient support for athletes' achievement motivation, but still need to be optimized to improve the quality of coaching and athletes' achievement in a sustainable manner.
Achievement motivation; Swimmes; Sports facilities and infrastructure; Coaches ; Club ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurita Monica Sari, Rendhitya Prima Putra, Septyaning Lusianti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games Training Model on Improving the Passing Skills of Futsal Players at SMAN 7 Kediri
This study was motivated by the low passing skills of the futsal players at SMAN 7 Kediri, as indicated by poor passing accuracy, target precision, and coordination among players during the game. One alternative training method that can be used to improve passing skills is the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model, which provides players with more opportunities to interact with the ball in game situations that closely resemble actual match conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model on improving the passing skills of the futsal players at SMAN 7 Kediri. This study employed an experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of 28 male futsal players from SMAN 7 Kediri, while the sample comprised 20 players selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument was a futsal passing skills test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality testing, homogeneity testing, and hypothesis testing with a paired-samples t-test using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that the mean pretest score increased from 5.90 to 7.10 in the posttest, representing an improvement of 20.33%. The normality test indicated that the data were normally distributed (pretest Sig. = 0.604; posttest Sig. = 0.320), while the homogeneity test showed that the data were homogeneous (Sig. = 0.382). The hypothesis test produced a t-value of −5.080 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model had a significant effect on improving the passing skills of the futsal players at SMAN 7 Kediri. Therefore, the 3 vs. 3 Small-Sided Games (SSG) training model can be recommended as an effective training method for improving passing skills in school-level futsal coaching programs.
Small-sided games 3 vs 3; Passing skills; Futsal; Training .
Copyright (c) 2026 Jefri Ardianto, Muhammad Yanuar Rizky, Mokhammad Firdaus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of The Use Of Audiovisual Media In The Language Development Of 5–6-Year-Old Children At Bina Insani IT Kindergarten
Problems with language development at TK IT BINA INSANI for children aged 5-6 years are characterized by limited vocabulary and sentence structure. Children only use basic nouns and cannot yet use adjectives, interrogative words, or complete sentences (SPOK). Children also have difficulty taking turns speaking, often interrupt, and lack attention when listening. This study aims to analyze the use of audio-visual media in the language development of early childhood group B children (aged 5-6 years) through video and storytelling, and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach at TK IT BINA INSANI, Senaru Village, Bayan District. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model (reduction, display, and conclusion drawing). The results indicate that the consistent use of audio-visual media at least twice a week effectively assists children's language development. Supporting factors include teacher creativity and a conducive environment, while inhibiting factors involve varied children's attention spans and facility quality. Qualitatively, audio-visual media has a significant impact on improving listening skills, speaking skills (increased confidence to perform from 50% to 80%), and mastery of new vocabulary (from 20-30 words to 40-50 words).
audiovisual media, language development, vocabulary, early childhood, qualitative approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neti Wulandari, Juandra Prisma Mahendra, Tuti Alawiyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Gender Issues Through Vocabulary Learning in Barbie (2023)
This study investigates how gender issues represented in Barbie (2023) contribute to vocabulary learning among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzes selected dialogues from the film to identify gender-related vocabulary and examine their contextual meanings within the narrative. The study focuses on lexical items associated with themes such as gender stereotypes, patriarchy, empowerment, identity, equality, and self-expression. The findings reveal that the film provides rich and authentic exposure to gender discourse, enabling learners to understand vocabulary beyond its literal meaning by exploring connotations, ideological implications, and sociocultural contexts. Furthermore, the dialogues demonstrate how lexical meanings shift according to context, allowing learners to develop deeper vocabulary knowledge and critical language awareness. The study also highlights the pedagogical value of film-based learning in promoting engagement, contextualized vocabulary acquisition, and cultural literacy. Overall, Barbie (2023) serves as an effective resource for integrating vocabulary learning with critical discussions of gender and social issues in EFL classrooms.
gender discourse, vocabulary learning, EFL learners, Barbie (2023), critical language awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rusydi Muhammad Yusuf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The effect of sports massage using a combination of infrared lamps on recovery and performance of discus throw athletes at Ragasukma Athletic Club in Tulungagung Regency
Performance sports like the discus throw can lead to muscle fatigue due to high-intensity and continuous training programs, so effective recovery methods are needed to speed up recovery and maintain an athlete's performance. A combination method of sports massage and warm exposure from infrared lamps is expected to improve blood circulation, reduce muscle tension, accelerate the removal of metabolic waste, and support the athlete's physical readiness for the next training session. This study aims to find out whether there is an effect of giving sports massage combined with warm exposure from infrared lamps on the recovery and performance of discus throw athletes in Tulungagung Regency. The study used an experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, with 6 discus throw athletes in Tulungagung Regency as the research subjects.The research instruments used were measuring discus throw performance through throw distance tests before and after the treatment, as well as a recovery questionnaire for athletes given periodically during the research process. Based on the measurements, all athletes experienced an increase in throwing distance after the treatment, with the percentage increase ranging from 2.5% to 17.9%, and an average performance improvement of 10%. In addition, the recovery measurements showed an increase in scores from the initial condition, with an average value of 37 rising to 55.5 after the treatment, with an average percentage increase of 50.14%.
Sport Massage; Infrared Lamp; Recovery; Performance; Discus Throwing Athlete from; Tulungagung Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Titis Bara Tisna, Septyaning Lusianti, Rizki Burstiando http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rasch Model Analysis of the Quality of a Problem-Solving Skill Assessment Instrument on the Topic of Alternative Energy
Problem-solving skill is a crucial 21st-century competency that requires a high-quality assessment instrument for accurate measurement. This study aimed to analyze the quality of a Google Forms-based problem-solving assessment instrument—incorporating TikTok videos on Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) regarding alternative energy—using the Rasch Model. As part of a research and development project, this study focused on analyzing instrument quality based on limited empirical testing involving 33 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Menganti. Instrument quality was analyzed using Winsteps software based on parameters such as item fit, reliability, separation index, and item difficulty. The results demonstrated that the instrument met high validity criteria, as confirmed by three experts who assigned a mode score of 4 across content, construct, and language aspects; the Percentage of Agreement (PoA) further indicated a very high level of inter-validator consensus. Rasch Model analysis revealed that all test items met item fit criteria based on Outfit MNSQ, Outfit ZSTD, and Pt Measure Corr values. The instrument also exhibited good reliability, with person separation and item separation values of 2.26 and 2.81, respectively, demonstrating its capability to differentiate between student ability levels and item difficulty levels. Item difficulty analysis identified four categories: 4 items were very easy, 3 were easy, 6 were difficult, and 3 were very difficult. Consequently, the developed assessment instrument meets quality standards and is suitable for measuring students' problem-solving skills.
Rasch Model; Instrument Quality; Digital Assessment; Problem-Solving Skills; Socio-Scientific Issue; Alternative Energy;
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggi Zazan Luvita, Abu Zainuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation Of The Project-Based Learning Model Using Natural Materials To Improve The Creativity Of Grade III Students In The Fine Arts Subject At SDN 1 Jenggala In The 2025/2026 Academic Year
Education plays a crucial role in comprehensively developing students' potential, including intellectual, emotional, and social aspects (Astuti, 2021). Fine Arts learning in elementary schools serves as an effective means to foster student creativity. However, based on initial observations in the third-grade class at SDN 1 Jenggala, the Fine Arts learning process was still dominated by lecture and assignment methods, the use of learning media was not optimal, and student creativity was still relatively low, as seen from the uniformity of student artwork and their dependence on teacher examples (Oktsabella, 2024). This research aims to describe the application of the Project Based Learning model assisted by natural materials and to improve the creativity of third-grade students in the Fine Arts subject at SDN 1 Jenggala for the 2025/2026 academic year. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages, with 25 third-grade students as subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, tests, and documentation. The results showed that the application of the Project Based Learning model assisted by natural materials could improve student creativity, as indicated by an increase in the average student score from 65.4 in the pre-cycle to 74.4 in cycle I, and further increased to 79.00 in cycle II. The percentage of classical completeness also increased from 44% in the pre-cycle to 56% in cycle I, and reached 84% in cycle II with a 'complete' category. Furthermore, students showed better development in expressing ideas, utilizing natural materials, and producing more creative and varied works. Thus, the application of the Project Based Learning model assisted by natural materials can improve the creativity of third-grade students in the Fine Arts subject at SDN 1 Jenggala
Project Based Learning; Natural Materials; Creativity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gina Amanda Saputri, M. Taufik, Ana Mulyono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Parental Support For The Learning Development Of Kindergarten A Students At Al-Azkaya Paud Kb
Early childhood education is a very important initial stage in the child development process. Parental support is one of the important factors in helping children obtain optimal learning experiences from an early age. Based on initial observations at PAUD KB Al-Azkiya, it was found that the level of parental support for children's learning development still varies. Some parents are very active in accompanying their children, but some are less involved due to work busyness, lack of understanding of the importance of learning assistance, or other factors. This research is important to analyze in depth the forms of parental support and the obstacles faced in supporting students' learning development. This study aims to determine the forms of parental support for the learning development of TK A students at PAUD KB Al-Adzkiya, and determine the obstacles faced by parents in supporting the learning development. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The research subjects were 5 TK A students, the class teacher, and the principal. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, principals, and parents/guardians, and documentation studies. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. The forms of parental support include emotional support, instrumental support, informational support, reward support, and involvement in school activities. The obstacles faced by parents include time constraints due to work busyness, lack of parental understanding, limited family economic conditions, lack of communication, and the influence of gadgets and social media.
Parental support, student learning development, early childhood.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sugitri Ayu Zakia, Muhammad Muhajirin, Ana Mulyono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploration Of The Role Of Digital Tv In The Language Development Of 5–6-Year-Old Children: A Case Study At Tkn Pembina Dewi Kayangan
This study aims to describe and deeply analyze how teachers explore the use of digital TV, including Interactive Flat Panels (IFP), in developing the language skills of children aged 5–6 years. Furthermore, this research identifies the impact of using such media on children's language development at TKN Pembina Dewi Kayangan during the 2025/2026 Academic Year. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research subjects included the principal, Group B teachers, and children aged 5–6 years. Data were collected through participatory observation, structured in-depth interviews, and comprehensive documentation. Data analysis refers to the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the exploration of digital TV was conducted by teachers through six systematic stages: selecting materials appropriate for children's cognitive development, using digital TV as an interactive medium, providing language stimulation (explanations, Q&A, vocabulary repetition), linking broadcast material to children's real-life experiences, conducting follow-up activities, and proportionally managing screen duration. Identified positive impacts include the acquisition of new vocabulary, a significant improvement in listening skills, progress in speaking and pronunciation skills, increased courage in expressing thoughts, and high motivation and engagement in learning. It is concluded that the use of digital TV is highly effective in stimulating early childhood language when systematically planned, tailored to developmental needs, and consistently accompanied by active teacher mediation.
Digital TV, Language Development, Early Childhood Education, Interactive Media, Children Aged 5-6 Years.
Copyright (c) 2026 Halimatussakdiyah Halimatussakdiyah, Musafir Musafir, Lalu Belik Made Dwipa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect Of Giving Character Sticker Rewards On The Learning Independence Of 4–5-Year-Old Children At Mutiara Rinjani Paud
This research is motivated by the low learning independence and high dependence of children on teachers at PAUD Mutiara Rinjani. The study aims to examine the effect of giving rewards in the form of character stickers on the learning independence of children aged 4-5 years. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a causal survey design (ex post facto). The research subjects were all group A children totaling 15 children, selected through total sampling. Data collection techniques used observation sheets and questionnaires covering three aspects of independence: initiative, self-confidence, and responsibility. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics with simple linear regression tests using SPSS 26. The results showed that: (1) there is a significant influence between giving rewards on children's learning independence with a Sig. value of 0.000 < 0.05 and t count 9.926 > t table 2.160; (2) the level of children's learning independence is in the high category with an average score of 28.20 and a percentage of 86.6% of children achieving the Very Good Developing (BSB) and Developing as Expected (BSH) categories; (3) the research instrument was declared valid and reliable with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.822; and (4) the responsibility aspect has the highest average (9.80), followed by initiative (9.73), while self-confidence is the lowest (8.67). The conclusion of the study is that giving character sticker rewards has a positive and significant effect on improving the learning independence of children aged 4-5 years at PAUD Mutiara Rinjani. The research recommends that teachers maintain this reward system and focus more stimulation on children's self-confidence.
Character Sticker Reward, Learning Independence, Early Childhood, Behavioristic Theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aerani Aerani, Muhajirin Ramzi, Juandra Prisma Mahendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical Fitness Level of Students at State Islamic Junior High School (MTsN) 2, Kediri Regency
Physical fitness is defined as an individual's ability to perform daily activities without experiencing excessive fatigue. This study aimed to assess the physical fitness levels of students at MTsN 2 Kediri Regency—a school with a religious-based curriculum and a demanding daily schedule that potentially limits time for physical exercise. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method involving 67 eighth-grade students selected via purposive sampling; fitness levels were measured using the *Tes Kebugaran Pelajar Nusantara* (TKPN). The results indicate that the students' physical fitness levels were predominantly in the "fair" category (28 students or 42%), followed by "good" (20 students or 30%), "very good" (12 students or 18%), and "poor" (7 students or 10%), while no students fell into the "very poor" category (0%). Overall, the students' physical fitness falls within the "fair" category; however, improvement is needed so that a greater number of students can reach the "good" and "very good" categories.
Physical Fitness; TKPN; MTsN 2 Kediri Regency; VIII grade students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Anjelyta, Septyaning Lusianti, Reo Prasetiyo Herpandika http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of The Implementation Of Educational Games (Wordwall) On The Cognitive Abilities Of Grade I Students At State Elementary School 5 Tanjung
Cognitive ability is an important aspect that should be developed from the first grade of elementary school. However, conventional learning often makes students easily bored and less able to understand the learning materials. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Wordwall educational game on the cognitive abilities of first-grade students at SD Negeri 5 Tanjung. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research subjects consisted of 15 first-grade students and their classroom teacher. Data were collected through non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings showed that the implementation of Wordwall was carried out through three stages: (1) planning, in which the teacher adjusted the game to the learning materials; (2) implementation, where the teacher first explained the material and then divided the students into groups; and (3) evaluation and reflection, by asking questions to assess students' understanding. Supporting factors included teacher creativity, attractive Wordwall features, the availability of learning facilities, and students' cooperation. The inhibiting factors included limited internet access, students' limited technological skills, and the time required to prepare learning materials. The implementation of Wordwall positively improved students' memory, understanding, application of learning materials, learning motivation, and classroom participation.
Educational Game, Digital Media, Cognitive Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridatul Patila, Fitriani Rahayu, Tuti Alawiyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0