Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan Mandala
Publication Ethics This scientific code of ethics statement is a code of ethics statement for all parties involved in the publication process of scientific journals, namely managers, editors, reviewers, and authors. The statement of the ethical code of scientific publications is based on the Head Regulation of LIPI Number 5 of 2014 concerning the Code of Ethics for Scientific Publication, which in essence is the Code of Ethics for Scientific Publication which essentially upholds the three ethical values in publication, namely Neutrality, which is free from conflicts of interest in the management of publications; Justice, namely to give authorship rights to those who are entitled as authors / writers; and Honesty, which is free from duplication, fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (DF2P) in publications. Editor-in-Chief’s Duties and Responsibilities of the Determine the name of the journal, scope of science, scale, and accreditation if necessary. Determine editor membership. Defining relationships between publishers, editors, best partners, and other parties. Respect confidential matters, both for contributing researchers, authors, editors, and best-partner partners. Implement norms and provisions regarding intellectual property rights, especially copyright. Conduct a journal policy review and submit it to authors, editors, best partners, and readers. Make a code of conduct guide for editors and best partners. Publish journals regularly. Ensure the availability of funding sources for the sustainability of journal publishing. Building a network of cooperation and marketing. To improve the quality of the journal. Prepare licensing and other legal aspects. Editor's Duties and Responsibilities The editor comments on the author's writing so the reader can understand what the writer wants to say, through comments written on the script. The editor comments on the author's writing in accordance with the EYD language (Enhanced Spelling) or the language according to the standard of the journal. The editor strives to improve the quality of publications on an ongoing basis; The editor puts forward freedom of opinion objectively, The editor conveys corrections, clarifications, withdrawals, and apologies if needed, The editor ensures that the writer's writings are not related to SARA or anything that could harm the Publisher and coordinate the writer's writings to the editor in chief of the publisher if the writing is slightly controversial. Editor receives, examines, and follows up complaints from all parties involved in publishing the journal; The editor supports initiatives to educate researchers about the ethics of publication, Editors do not maintain their own opinions, authors or third parties that can result in non-objective decisions, The editor encourages the author, so that he can make repairs to the paper until it is worth publishing. The editor performs the layout of the manuscript to be published so that it matches the journal template. Editor membantu pemimpin redaksi dalam menyelesaikan pengumpulan naskah sebelum dicetak dan diterbitkan, terutama dalam hal bahasa, format, dan tata letak. Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Peninjau Memberikan umpan balik tertulis yang objektif dan tidak bias tentang nilai beasiswa dan kontribusi naskah terhadap pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan; Menunjukkan apakah penulisan naskah cukup jelas, lengkap, dan relevan, serta apakah naskah sesuai dengan ruang lingkup jurnal; Tidak memberikan kritik atau komentar yang bersifat pribadi; dan Menjaga kerahasiaan naskah, dengan tidak membicarakannya dengan pihak-pihak yang tidak terkait, atau mengungkapkan informasi yang terkandung dalam naskah kepada pihak lain. Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Administrator Situs Web Administrator Situs Web adalah orang yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengelola situs web jurnal. Secara spesifik, ruang lingkup tugas Administrator Situs Web adalah sebagai berikut: Menyiapkan situs web jurnal; Konfigurasikan opsi sistem dan kelola akun pengguna; Daftar untuk editor, pengulas, dan penulis; Kelola fitur jurnal; Melihat statistik laporan; dan Unggah/terbitkan makalah yang sudah diterima. Pemberitahuan Hak Cipta Penulis yang menerbitkan karya ilmiahnya di Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education setuju dengan ketentuan berikut: Penulis memegang hak cipta dan memberikan jurnal hak penerbitan pertama dengan karya yang dilisensikan secara bersamaan di bawah Lisensi Atribusi Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) Â yang memungkinkan orang lain untuk berbagi karya tersebut dengan pengakuan atas kepengarangan karya dan publikasi awal dalam jurnal ini. Penulis dapat membuat pengaturan kontraktual tambahan yang terpisah untuk distribusi non-eksklusif atas versi karya yang diterbitkan jurnal tersebut (misalnya, mengunggahnya ke repositori institusi atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan atas penerbitan awalnya di jurnal ini. Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk mengunggah karya mereka secara daring (misalnya, di repositori institusi atau di situs web mereka) sebelum dan selama proses penyerahan, karena hal ini dapat mengarah pada pertukaran yang produktif serta kutipan yang lebih awal dan lebih banyak dari karya yang diterbitkan.
Exploring Students’ Difficulties In Learning Qualitative Research Methods In Higher Education
Learning qualitative research methods has become an essential component of higher education, particularly in English Education programs where students are expected to develop research competence and academic literacy. However, many undergraduate students continue to experience difficulties in understanding and applying qualitative inquiry in research methodology courses. This study aimed to explore students’ difficulties in learning qualitative research methods in higher education. The study employed a qualitative case study approach involving undergraduate students from an English Education Department at a private university in Indonesia. The participants were selected purposively based on their experience in taking research methodology courses and conducting qualitative research projects. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reflective documents and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed four major challenges experienced by students: difficulties in understanding qualitative research concepts, challenges in developing research problems and research questions, difficulties in conducting qualitative data analysis, and limited confidence in conducting independent qualitative research. The findings also indicated that practical learning activities, lecturer feedback, and collaborative discussion contributed positively to students’ methodological understanding. This study highlights the importance of implementing student-centered and practice-oriented instructional approaches in qualitative research methodology courses to support students’ analytical competence and research readiness in higher education. The findings offer practical implications for research methodology lecturers and curriculum developers, particularly in designing more experiential, reflective, and mentorship-based learning strategies to strengthen students’ qualitative research competence in higher education
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudirman Sudirman, Edi Firman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Heyzine Flipbook Project-Based Learning on Students’ Academic Independence
This study aims to determine the effect of Heyzine Flipbook Project-Based Learning on students’ learning autonomy in the Educational Multimedia Design course in the Chemistry Education Program at the Universitas Jambi. This study employs a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research subjects are students enrolled in the Educational Multimedia Design course. Data collection was conducted using a learning independence questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and a paired-sample t-test. The results of the study show that students’ average level of independent learning increased from 72.14 to 85.50. The paired-sample t-test yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating that the implementation of Project-Based Learning using the Heyzine Flipbook had a significant effect on students’ independent learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Firdiawan Ekaputra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Integrated Biology Learning Tools with Guided Inquiry Based on the Local Environmental Potential of Lake Lebo Taliwang
Contextual biology learning allows students to connect scientific concepts with real-life conditions, making the learning more meaningful and relevant to everyday life. One of the learning models that supports this is guided inquiry with the teacher acting as a facilitator. The application of guided inquiry will be more meaningful when combined with the utilization of the surrounding environment as a learning resource. This research aims to develop biology learning tools integrated with guided inquiry based on the local potential of Lake Lebo Taliwang, which meet the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective for use in biology education using the 4D development model. Data were obtained thru expert assessment stages and collected thru validation sheets. Data analysis included the analysis of expert assessment results. Based on the development results, it was found that the development of biology learning tools based on guided inquiry utilizing Lake Lebo Taliwang as a learning resource is categorized as very feasible with the following average expert assessment results: 1) average syllabus validation result of 85.9% categorized as very good; 2) average RPP validation result of 84.7% categorized as very good; and 3) average module validation result of 85.7% categorized as very good.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Ashari, Fitri Rahmawati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect Of Teacher Teaching Creativity And Learning Media In Improving Student Learning Motivation Of Class X (SMA IT) At Al-Kautsar Ranggo Islamic Boarding School
In the world of education, especially in terms of teaching, teachers play an important role considering that the world of education is increasingly dynamic by facing students who have different understanding backgrounds and varied learning methods, therefore teachers must always be creative in providing teaching and be able to create good learning media, at Pondok Al-Kautsar the teachers always try to prepare learning with the right media. The research approach used is quantitative with survey methods and multiple linear regression techniques. The population in this study were students of this research sample of 30 class X SMA IT AL-Kautsar Ranggo. The results of the study using statistical calculations using SPSS 22 showed that there was an influence between Teacher Teaching Creativity (X1) and Learning Media (X2) in increasing Student Learning Motivation (Y) at SMA IT AL-Kautsar Ranggo. With a significance value of 0.341 <0.05. The results of the coefficient of derivation X1 against Y had an effect of 82.36% and X2 against Y had an effect of 64.51%. The results of the regression equation calculation Y = 72.85 + 0.287X1 + 0.254X2 mean that there is a significant influence between Teacher Teaching Creativity, Learning Media with Student Learning Motivation at SMA IT AL-Kautsar Ranggo. The results of the t test of the Teacher Teaching Creativity variable (X1) on the Student Learning Motivation variable (Y) obtained t count = 2.307> t table = 0.254, this means that Ho is rejected at a significance level of α = 0.05, this means that it is very significant. While the results of the t test of the Learning Media variable (X2) on Student Learning Motivation (Y) obtained t count = 2.765> t table = 0.254, this means that Ho is rejected at a significance level of α = 0.05, this means that it is very significant. The coefficient value of determination of X1 and X2 on Y is 91.8%. Student learning motivation is influenced by teacher teaching creativity and learning media, and the remaining 8.2% is influenced by other factors..
Copyright (c) 2026 Atika Atika, Mukhlisin Mukhlisin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Impact of Bullying on the Socio-Emotional Development of Children Aged 5–6 Years at Save The Kids Kindergarten, Banda Aceh City
Analysis of the Impact of Bullying on the Social-Emotional Development of Children Aged 5–6 Years at Save The Kids Kindergarten, Banda Aceh City. Undergraduate Thesis. Early Childhood Teacher Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University. Supervisor I: Miswatul Hasanah, M.Pd., Supervisor II: Liza Fidiawati, M.Pd. This study was motivated by the emergence of bullying behavior among early childhood children, which has the potential to hinder their social-emotional development. Bullying among children aged 5–6 years may occur in verbal, physical, and relational forms, affecting children's ability to interact socially and manage their emotions. This study aimed to describe the forms of bullying experienced by children aged 5–6 years, analyze its impact on their social-emotional development, and identify teachers' strategies in preventing and addressing bullying behavior at Save The Kids Kindergarten, Banda Aceh City. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. The research subjects consisted of 23 children in Group B aged 5–6 years and two classroom teachers as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that the forms of bullying identified included verbal bullying, such as teasing and giving negative nicknames; physical bullying, such as pushing and taking classmates’ toys; and relational bullying, such as social exclusion and rejection from playgroups. The impact of bullying on children's social development was reflected in difficulties interacting with peers, decreased participation in group activities, and a tendency to withdraw from social environments. The emotional impacts included decreased self-confidence, feelings of sadness and anxiety, frequent crying, and emotional instability. Teachers' strategies for preventing and addressing bullying included monitoring children's interactions, providing guidance and advice, fostering mutual respect, developing empathy, and collaborating with parents. Therefore, bullying has a negative impact on the social-emotional development of young children, highlighting the need for continuous prevention and intervention efforts by both teachers and parents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bunga Rian lestari, Liza Fidiawati, Raudha Meutia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dynamics of Deviant Behavior of Adolescents in the Digital Era: A Qualitative Study in Tangga Village, Monta District, Bima Regency
The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to adolescents' lifestyles, particularly in terms of social interaction and daily behavior. Easy access to the internet and social media provides various benefits; however, it also has the potential to encourage behaviors that deviate from the values and norms prevailing in society. This study aims to describe the forms of juvenile deviant behavior in the digital era, identify the factors contributing to such behavior, and analyze the efforts undertaken to address it in Tangga Village, Monta District, Bima Regency. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Informants were selected purposively and consisted of adolescents, parents, community leaders, religious leaders, youth leaders, and village officials. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through source and method triangulation.The findings reveal that the forms of deviant behavior among adolescents in the digital era include excessive use of social media, promiscuity, declining obedience to parents, and reduced participation in social and religious activities. The factors influencing these behaviors include a lack of parental supervision, peer influence, easy access to digital technology, and weakened social control within the community. Efforts to address these issues include strengthening parental supervision, enhancing religious and character education, revitalizing youth activities, and fostering collaboration among families, schools, communities, and village governments. This study highlights the importance of digital literacy and the reinforcement of social values in shaping positive adolescent behavior in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irman Susanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Interactive Game Use in Improving Cognitive Abilities of Children Aged 5–6 Years at TK Khairani
The Effectiveness of Interactive Game Use in Improving Cognitive Abilities of Children Aged 5–6 Years at TK Khairani. Undergraduate Thesis. Early Childhood Teacher Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University. Supervisor I: Liza Fidiawati, M.Pd. Supervisor II: Raudha Meutia, M.Ed. The This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using interactive games in improving the cognitive abilities of children aged 5–6 years at TK Khairani, located on Medan–Banda Aceh Road, Lubok Batee Village, Ingin Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency. Cognitive ability is an important aspect of early childhood development, including the ability to recognize numbers, understand simple arithmetic concepts, and solve problems. Therefore, innovative and engaging learning media are needed to support children's cognitive development. This study employed a quantitative approach using a Pre-Experimental Design with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research was conducted in 2026 and involved 11 children aged 5–6 years as participants. Data were collected through observation using a cognitive ability assessment sheet and were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and a Paired Sample t-Test with the assistance of SPSS software. The results showed that the average cognitive ability score increased from 6.18 in the pretest to 13.00 in the posttest. The Paired Sample t-Test revealed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and a calculated t-value of -13.603, indicating a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of interactive games is effective in improving the cognitive abilities of children aged 5–6 years at TK Khairani, Aceh Besar Regency
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumiliati, Liza Fidiawati, Raudha Meutia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of the Impact of TikTok Content on the Behavior of Children Aged 5–6 Years at TK IT Baitusshalihin Banda Aceh
The rapid development of digital technology has influenced various aspects of life, including the behavior of early childhood children. One of the social media platforms widely used today is TikTok, which provides a variety of engaging audio-visual content that is easily accessible to different age groups, including children. This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok content on the social and emotional behavior of children aged 5–6 years at TK IT Baitusshalihin Banda Aceh and to examine the role of teachers and parents in supervising children's use of digital media. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving 8 children aged 5–6 years, 2 classroom teachers, and 3 parents as research participants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that most children are familiar with TikTok content and tend to imitate various videos they watch, such as songs, dance movements, facial expressions, and speaking styles. TikTok content has an impact on children's social behavior, particularly in the way they interact and communicate with their peers. In addition, TikTok content also influences children's emotional behavior through changes in how they express themselves and respond to certain situations. The effects are not always negative. TikTok can enhance children's creativity, confidence in self-expression, and social interaction when used appropriately. However, excessive use without proper supervision may lead children to imitate behaviors that are not suitable for their age and developmental stage. Therefore, the roles of teachers and parents are crucial in providing supervision, guidance, and the selection of appropriate content so that the use of digital media can optimally support children's social and emotional development
Copyright (c) 2026 Cut Syarah, Fitriah Hayati, Raudha Meutia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of a Transportation Miniature Educational Play Tool to Stimulate Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among Group B Kindergarten Children at TK Negeri 5 Banda Aceh
This study aimed to develop a Transportation Miniature Educational Play Tool (APE) to stimulate Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among Group B children at TK Negeri 5 Banda Aceh. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects included a media expert, a material expert, a Group B teacher, and Group B children at TK Negeri 5 Banda Aceh. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The research instruments consisted of media expert validation sheets, material expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and observation sheets for assessing children's HOTS. The results indicated that the developed Transportation Miniature APE met the criteria of being highly valid, as evidenced by media and material expert validation scores that reached 100% after revisions. Teacher responses also showed that the media was practical and easy to use in the learning process. Furthermore, the use of the Transportation Miniature APE increased children's engagement in activities such as observing, classifying, comparing, analyzing, and solving simple problems, which are indicators of HOTS. Therefore, the Transportation Miniature APE was found to be valid, practical, and effective, making it suitable for use as a learning medium to stimulate higher-order thinking skills among Group B children at TK Negeri 5 Banda Aceh.
Copyright (c) 2026 sarmina, Fitirah Hayati, Mik Salmina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Origami Paper Folding Activities on the Fine Motor Skills of Group A Children at TK Negeri 5 Banda Aceh City
are typically sectioned logically as an overview of what appears in the paperThis study aimed to examine the effect of origami paper-folding activities on the fine motor skills of Group A children at TK Negeri 5 Banda Aceh. Fine motor skills are an important aspect of early childhood development involving the coordination of small muscles, particularly those of the hands and fingers, which are required for various daily learning activities such as writing, cutting, and drawing. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consisted of 16 children selected through a total sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, performance tests, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in children's fine motor skills after the implementation of origami paper-folding activities. The mean pretest score was 7.56 (37.81%), while the mean posttest score increased to 15.31 (76.56%). The paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. These findings indicate that origami paper-folding activities have a significant positive effect on improving the fine motor skills of early childhood children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julia Safitri, Riza Oktariana, Fitriani Fitriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Animated Video Learning Media to Improve the Cognitive Abilities of Early Childhood Children in Class A at TKIT Baitusshalihin Banda Aceh.
This study aimed to develop an animated video learning media that is valid, practical, and effective in improving the cognitive abilities of early childhood students in Group A1 at TKIT Baitusshalihin, Banda Aceh. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 20 children aged 4–5 years. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, pretests, and posttests. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis, as well as the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and the Paired Sample t-Test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that the animated video media achieved a very high level of validity, obtaining 100% from the media expert, 93.75% from the material expert, and 95% from the language expert. The practicality test result reached 100%, categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test demonstrated an increase in the average cognitive ability score of children from 31 in the pretest to 90 in the posttest. The normality test indicated that the data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.550 for the pretest and 0.583 for the posttest. Furthermore, the Paired Sample t-Test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the animated video media was effective in improving the cognitive abilities of early childhood children. Therefore, the developed animated video media is feasible to be used as an alternative learning medium to enhance early childhood cognitive development
Copyright (c) 2026 Karina Sukma, Fitriani Fitriani, Rahmat Fitra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Deep Learning Approach In Islamic Religious Education
This study aims to analyze the deep learning approach in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in the digital era. Deep learning, as part of the 21st-century educational paradigm, emphasizes the active involvement of students in building meaningful understanding, critical thinking, and transferring knowledge into real-life contexts. This study used a systematic literature review (SLR) method on 28 national journal articles published between 2016 and 2026. The results show that the deep learning approach can significantly improve the quality of PAI learning, including: (1) increasing the holistic understanding of religious concepts, (2) developing students' character and morals, (3) integrating Islamic values ​​in solving contextual problems, and (4) increasing student motivation and engagement. The findings also identify factors inhibiting implementation, including the limited pedagogical competence of PAI teachers and the minimal digital infrastructure support in Islamic-based schools. This study concludes that the integration of deep learning in PAI requires curriculum reorientation, increased teacher capacity, and consistent policy support from educational stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Purnomo Agung, Rika Sa’diyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Professionalism of Islamic Religious Education Teachers and Their Role In Improving Student Learning Achievement at MA Darul Hikmah
This study aims to describe the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers, student achievement, the role of teacher professionalism in improving learning achievement, and the supporting and inhibiting factors at MA Darul Hikmah in Bima City. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was tested using triangulation and member checking. The results indicate that the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers, encompassing pedagogical, personality, social, professional, and leadership competencies, is in the good category. Student achievement also shows positive gains in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The role of PAI teachers in improving learning achievement is realized through strengthening learning, exemplary attitudes, and fostering religious activities. Supporting factors include teaching experience, support from the principal, religious facilities, and opportunities for competency development. Inhibiting factors include limited access to training, funding, and technology-based learning media. The study concludes that the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers contributes significantly to improving student achievement, thus requiring support through competency development and the provision of adequate learning resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Haris, Zaenal Abidin, Kaimudin Kaimudin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Independent Learning through Humanistic and Adaptive Learning to Improve the Quality of Physical Education for Special Needs Students in Dompu Regency
This study aims to analyze the strengthening of Freedom to Learn through humanistic and adaptive learning in improving the quality of education for students in Special Needs Schools (SLB) in Dompu Regency. The study used a literature review method by reviewing various regulations, policies, books, scientific articles, and related research results. The results of the study indicate that Freedom to Learn aligns with the principles of special education that focus on the needs, characteristics, and potential of students. Humanistic learning encourages the creation of a learning environment that respects the uniqueness and dignity of students, while adaptive learning allows for the adjustment of strategies, media, and assessments to suit individual needs. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as limited teacher competency, a lack of adaptive media, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and suboptimal support from the educational ecosystem. The research findings confirm that the main challenge for special needs education today is not only access to services, but also the ability to deliver meaningful, inclusive, and equitable learning. Therefore, strengthening Freedom to Learn in SLB requires responsive policies, improved teacher competency, the use of inclusive technology, and collaboration between schools, families, communities, and the government to improve the quality of education services and optimize student potential in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amal Fauqi, Linda Susila, Risky Aris Munandar, Mohammad Zaim Zen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Faith Behind The Scenes: The Spiritual Life Of Christian Students Of IAKN Kupang Amid The Current Of Social Media
This study aims to explore and deeply understand the spiritual life of Christian students at the Institut Agama Kristen Negeri (IAKN) Kupang amidst the increasingly massive use of social media. The research employs a qualitative approach using a phenomenological method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentary studies. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, consisting of 10 active students of IAKN Kupang. The results identified three main themes: (1) social media plays a dual role as both an opportunity and a challenge for spiritual life; (2) students experience tension between digital identity and Christian faith commitment; and (3) spiritual adaptation strategies developed by students to maintain faith depth in the digital era. This study concludes that the spiritual life of Christian students at IAKN Kupang is dynamic and contextual, significantly influenced by the intensity and patterns of social media consumption, but can be managed through the formation of solid faith communities and Christian values-based digital literacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marniati Pada, Hilno Wesli Malaipen, Jhilianti Marlin Bahan, Lidia Talan, Marcella Maukari, Maher Banu, Andriana Indra Santi Sole http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Digital Literacy on Students' Critical Thinking Skills
This study examines the impact of digital literacy on the critical thinking skills of elementary school students (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, MI). With the rapid development of digital technology, the use of the internet and digital devices has become increasingly widespread in daily life, including in the education sector. However, not all students are able to use digital information critically and effectively, making digital literacy a crucial competency that must be developed from an early age. A qualitative approach using a literature review method was applied in this study. Data was collected from various sources, such as books, journals, and other academic publications, and then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results of the study of ten research articles indicate that digital literacy, reading literacy, interest in reading, interest in learning, and independent learning are interrelated and have a positive influence on the critical thinking skills of elementary school students. Digital literacy facilitates students in accessing, understanding, and evaluating information effectively, while the implementation of literacy-based learning supported by digital media is also capable of encouraging student engagement and participation in the learning process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Didit Darmawan, Mas Ummu Chasbiyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis Of Obstacles And Teachers’ Challenges In Teaching Speaking At Sman 1 Batulayar
WThis study aimed to analyze the challenges and obstacles that teacher faced in teaching speaking at SMAN 1 BATULAYAR. The researcher used a qualitative method. The subjects of this study were two English teachers at SMAN 1 BATULAYAR, and the object of the study was the challenges and obstacles faced by the teachers in teaching speaking. The data analysis used in this study was data reduction, data display, and conclusion and verification. The results showed several main challenges: students passivity, limited vocabulary, lack of motivation, fear of making mistakes, lack of resource, and noisy class. In addition, teachers faced internal obstacles such as insufficient training in teaching speaking, as well as external obstacles, including limited teaching facilities, large class size, and limited time for speaking practice. These problems made it difficult for students to participate actively in speaking activities. The study concluded that teachers needed to implement better strategies to increase students’ motivation, and active participation in speaking. It was also recommended that the school improve its learning facilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tawali Tawali, Jumadil Jumadil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Contemporary Islamic Education and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: Between Adaptation and Civilizational Ethics
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought significant transformation to various aspects of life, including Islamic education. This article comprehensively examines the dynamics of AI integration in contemporary Islamic education by focusing on two main dimensions: pedagogical adaptation and civilizational ethics. Through a systematic literature review of recent academic publications (2022-2026), this study analyzes the opportunities, challenges, and relevant ethical frameworks within the context of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. The findings show that AI offers transformative potential for learning personalization, knowledge accessibility, and teaching effectiveness, yet it also raises ethical challenges related to the erosion of religious authority, algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the dehumanization of learning processes. This article proposes an integrative framework based on Islamic values that positions AI as a wasilah (instrument) regulated within the corridor of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah to ensure that technology functions as a means of strengthening spiritual, moral, and humanistic values in Islamic education in the Society 5.0 era.
Copyright (c) 2026 maruf maruf, Adi Fadli, Abdul Mujib http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students' Critical Thinking Process in Solving Contextual Problems Reviewed from Sensing and Intuition Learning Styles
Critical thinking is a cognitive activity involving the ability to understand, analyze, evaluate, conclude, explain, and regulate thoughts systematically and objectively. This qualitative case study aims to describe students' critical thinking processes in solving contextual problems, specifically examining sensing and intuition learning styles. The research involved two 10th-grade students, one with a sensing style and one with an intuition style, selected via purposive sampling. Data collection utilized learning style questionnaires, math ability tests, contextual problem-solving tasks, and interviews. Data analysis was based on Mason et al. (2010) problem-solving stage indicators. The study found that the critical thinking processes of students with sensing and intuition learning styles are similar across the entry, attack, and review stages. In the entry stage, students gather important information, relate it to existing knowledge, and determine initial problem-solving steps. In the attack stage, they design a problem-solving strategy and execute it. In the review stage, students review solution steps, reflect on difficult parts, and explore alternative solutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rendy Dwi Cahya, Rooselyna Ekawati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Christian Students In The Digital Age: Between Faith, Technology, And Campus Life At IAKN Kupang
This study aims to analyze how the attitudes and opinions of IAKN Kupang students regarding the development of digital technology have brought significant changes to student life, including aspects of spirituality, academics, and social relations. This article discusses the dynamics of Christian student life in the digital era, focusing on students at IAKN Kupang. The method used is a qualitative approach through literature review and observation of student life patterns on campus, as well as interviews. The study results indicate that digital technology offers great opportunities for the development of knowledge, service, and faith communication, but it also presents challenges such as social media addiction, reduced direct social interaction, and the influence of digital culture that can weaken spiritual values. Therefore, Christian students are required to have wise digital literacy skills, maintain the integrity of their faith, and utilizing technology responsibly to support both academic and spiritual growth. This article emphasizes that the balance between faith, technology, and campus life is the key for Christian students in facing the challenges of the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Langkola, Abryani Fallo, Delni Taek, Diance Lopo, Febrianti Nenosaet, Femi Dethan, Vindry Omanda Snae, driana Indra Santi Sole http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Implementing a Project-Based Learning Model in Enhancing Student Collaboration in the Development of Game-Based Media
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of project-based learning model in improving student collaboration in game-based media development. This research is a pre-experimental research because the research sample consists of one experimental class and does not involve a control class. In this study, the sample used was 21 students from the Jambi University Chemistry Education Study Program who took the chemistry learning gamification course in the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used to collect student collaboration data is the questionnaire method. Data on collaboration in the sample class were collected twice, namely before and after the application of the project-based learning model in the sample class. The hypothesis test results obtained a significance value of 0.00 or smaller than 0.05, so that the application of the project-based learning model was effective in improving student collaboration skills in the sample class. In this study, it can be concluded that applying a project-based learning model improves students' ability to work together.
Responsibility of the Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation in Protecting Customer Funds Due to Bank Failure
The Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation (Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan/LPS) was established by the Government to guarantee the deposits of depositors, maintain the stability of the banking system in accordance with its authority, protect depositor funds, and resolve or handle failed banks. The responsibility of LPS as a guarantor is to pay guarantee claims for the deposits of customers of banks whose business licenses have been revoked and to appoint a liquidation team to settle the assets and liabilities of those banks. LPS also actively maintains the stability of the banking system through rescue or recovery efforts for failed banks, both those without systemic impact and those with systemic impact. In rescuing failed banks, LPS has several authorities, including taking over and exercising all rights and powers of shareholders, including the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS); controlling, managing, selling, or transferring bank assets; conducting temporary capital participation; and transferring management to other parties
Copyright (c) 2026 Aminullah Aminullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teacher Learning Innovation to Increase Student Learning Motivation at Muhammadiyah Middle School in Sorong City
This study aims to analyze teachers’ learning innovations in improving students’ learning motivation at SMP Muhammadiyah Kota Sorong. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. Data were collected from journals, scientific articles, and relevant references discussing innovative learning models, technology-based learning media, and teachers’ strategies in building students’ learning motivation. The findings revealed that the implementation of learning models such as Blended Learning, Project-Based Learning (PjBL), and Flipped Classroom was able to create more active, flexible, and student-centered learning. In addition, the use of interactive media such as Quizizz and animation media made learning more engaging and easier to understand. Humanistic teacher strategies through creating a comfortable classroom atmosphere, providing appreciation, and explaining learning objectives also positively influenced students’ learning motivation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nhindi Sumai, Iriani Suci Kharmillah, Abu Sofyan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Policy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction in Padang Panjang City
This study aims to examine the implementation of the stunting reduction acceleration policy in Padang Panjang City. The study is motivated by the continued prevalence of stunting cases, which have significant implications for the quality of human resources. As part of efforts to address this issue, the Indonesian government enacted Presidential Regulation Number 72 of 2021 concerning the Acceleration of Stunting Reduction. This research employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. The study was conducted in Padang Panjang City, with the Health Office serving as the primary institution responsible for policy implementation. Research data were collected through interviews with informants selected based on criteria relevant to the objectives of the study. The findings reveal that the implementation of the stunting reduction acceleration policy in Padang Panjang City has not yet been fully effective. Several challenges were identified, including low community participation in stunting prevention programs and inadequate coordination and synergy among relevant stakeholders and government agencies. These challenges have affected the effectiveness of policy implementation in achieving the targeted reduction of stunting rates. Therefore, strengthening community engagement and enhancing cross-sectoral coordination are essential to improve policy implementation and ensure the successful achievement of stunting reduction objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Naufaldo, Rahmadani Yusran http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Technology Use on the Spiritual Closeness of IAKN Kupang Students
This study aims to analyze and understand the influence of technology on the spiritual closeness of students at the Christian State Institute (IAKN) Kupang. The rapid development of digital technology has brought changes to various aspects of life, including the spiritual lives of Christian students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving active students of IAKN Kupang selected through purposive sampling. The findings indicate that technology has a significant influence on students’ spiritual closeness, both positively and negatively. Positive impacts include easier access to devotional materials, digital Bibles, online worship services, and spiritual content that supports faith development. On the other hand, negative impacts are reflected in reduced prayer time, declining spiritual discipline, and increased distractions due to excessive social media use. This study concludes that technology can serve as a means of supporting students’ spiritual growth when used wisely, in balance, and based on Christian values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miliani Selfina Pada, Mefi Osingra Eky, Neri James Rivaldi Seran, Miadi Nubatonis, Yefta Ibrahim Ndaparoka, Mirna Kabu, Novita Kridayanti Ledoh, Adriana Indra Santi Sole http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of the Muslim Community in the Establishment of the Jayapura’s Jami Mosque during the Dutch East Indies Era in 1943
This study examines the role of the Muslim community in the establishment of the Jayapura Jami Mosque in 1943 and its significance in the socio-religious life of the Muslim community in Jayapura during the Dutch East Indies era. This study uses a qualitative approach with historical methods through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that the existence of the Muslim community in Jayapura is related to the migration process from Eastern Indonesia regions such as Buton, Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, Waigeo, and Salawati, which was influenced by Jayapura's development as a colonial center and port. The Muslim community then built social solidarity in maintaining religious identity amidst colonial domination and Christian missions. This was manifested through the independent establishment of the Jayapura Jami Mosquein 1943. The mosque serves not only as a place of worship, but also as a center for education, preaching, and social activities, and has important historical value in the development of Islam in Papua, including the period of Papua's integration into Indonesia. This study confirms the significant contribution of the Muslim community in shaping socio- religious life in Jayapura and enriches the historiography of Islam in Papua.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Aqil , Ade Sopyan Hadi Hadi, Kulyasin yasin, Akbar Guntoro Praseto akbar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT APPROACH IN MAKASSAR (Community Development, Community Empowerment, And Asset-Based Community Development/ABCD)
Community-based development has become an important approach in addressing various social problems in urban communities, particularly in Makassar City, which has a high level of social heterogeneity. This article aims to analyze the implementation of the Community Development, Community Empowerment, and Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approaches in community development in Makassar. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using literature review and social observation methods toward community empowerment practices in urban areas. The findings indicate that community-based development is capable of increasing community participation, strengthening social capital, and creating community independence through the utilization of local assets. The ABCD approach is considered more adaptive because it positions the community as the subject of development with internal capacities and resources. In Makassar, the implementation of community-based development can be seen in waste bank programs, tourism alley programs, community-based micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and women’s empowerment initiatives in densely populated areas. The main challenges include the lack of program sustainability, inequality in access to resources, and the dominance of top-down approaches in development policies. Therefore, a sustainable participatory development model based on local community potential is needed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Indira Sangaji, Ernawati Arsyad, Najamuddin Najamuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) Based on STEM-Ethnomathematics Puru Timbu to Improve Elementary School Students' Mathematical Communication Skills
This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) based on STEM-Ethnomathematics Puru Timbu in improving the mathematical communication skills of elementary school students. The background of this study is based on students' low mathematical communication skills as indicated by difficulties in explaining the solution process, using mathematical symbols consistently, and communicating mathematical ideas orally and in writing. The study uses a Design Research approach that includes three stages, namely preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. The subjects of the study were 20 fifth-grade elementary school students in Bima Regency who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through mathematical communication skills tests, observations, interviews, documentation, and student worksheets. The developed HLT integrates the STEM approach with Puru Timbu ethnomathematics through cultural observation activities, traditional and modern measurement experiments, making miniature bamboo models, compiling contextual questions, as well as presentations and group discussions. The results of the study indicate that the developed HLT has contextual, collaborative, and student-centered characteristics and is able to facilitate the development of mathematical communication through representation, argumentation, and reflection. Quantitatively, there was an increase in the average score of students' mathematical communication skills from 62.15 in the pretest to 81.40 in the posttest. The results of the paired t-test showed a significance value of p = 0.000 < 0.05, which indicated a significant increase after the implementation of HLT. These findings indicate that HLT based on STEM-Ethnomathematics Puru Timbu is effective in improving the mathematical communication skills of elementary school students and can be an alternative design for contextual, meaningful, and local wisdom-based mathematics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukma Mawaddah, Ahyansyah Ahyansyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Understanding Science Concepts In The Basic Natural Sciences Course Through The Inquiry Method
This study aims to describe the implementation of the inquiry method in the Basic Natural Sciences course and analyze its impact on students' understanding of science concepts. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The participants consisted of a lecturer and students enrolled in the Basic Natural Sciences course. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and learning documentation. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was ensured through source triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. The findings revealed that the inquiry method was implemented through several stages, namely problem identification, question formulation, hypothesis development, data collection, data analysis, and conclusion drawing. The implementation of the inquiry method encouraged active student participation in scientific investigations and classroom discussions. Students demonstrated a deeper understanding of science concepts by connecting theoretical knowledge with real-life phenomena. In addition, the inquiry method enhanced students' critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and scientific literacy. Although several challenges were identified, including differences in students' academic backgrounds and the availability of learning resources, the inquiry method proved effective in promoting meaningful and contextual learning experiences. In conclusion, the inquiry method is an effective learning strategy for improving students' conceptual understanding of science in the Basic Natural Sciences course. Therefore, it is recommended as a student-centered instructional approach that supports the development of 21st-century competencies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Nurfaidah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students' Level of Understanding of Static Electricity at MAN 1 Merangin
This study was conducted to evaluate students' level of understanding of static electricity in physics at MAN 1 Merangin, as well as to identify obstacles encountered during the teaching process. The methodological approach used was descriptive qualitative, with data collected through surveys. The research population involved some students from class XII IPA 2, while the research sample consisted of 11 students selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used included a questionnaire to measure concept mastery and another questionnaire to detect learning difficulties. These instruments were designed to assess basic concept understanding, learning obstacles, and aspects of the material that students found most difficult.The findings show that students' level of understanding of static electricity concepts is moderate. No students were classified as having the lowest level of understanding. Specifically, 3 students (27.27%) were in the partially understood category, while the other 8 students (72.73%) were classified as fully understanding. This indicates that most students have successfully mastered the concept of static electricity, from definitions and interactions between charges to the process of charge formation. However, students had difficulty internalizing the concept of electric flux and its application to various forms of symmetry. These findings reinforce the view that even though students have prior knowledge, abstract concepts such as electric field interactions and the principle of symmetry remain major challenges in physics learning.Overall, the findings of this study indicate the urgency of improving students' understanding of static electricity concepts by applying more efficient learning techniques, utilizing various representation methods, and strengthening the foundations of key concepts before exploring topics involving quantitative and conceptual aspects. This study is expected to serve as a guide for teachers in developing pedagogical approaches that are more in line with students' characteristics and learning patterns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Delvia Anjani, Fauzan Sulman, Aminah Zb, Boby Syafrinando, Salman Al Farisi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0