Legal Protection for Medical Personnel in Teleconsultation Services Through Telemedicine Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58258/rvm80b89Abstract
The development of information technology has driven the transformation of healthcare services towards a digital-based system, one of which is through telemedicine. The use of telemedicine in Indonesia is increasing because it can expand access to healthcare services, especially for communities facing geographical limitations and the distribution of medical personnel. However, the development of telemedicine has also given rise to various legal issues related to the legality of medical personnel's practice, the use of a Practice Permit (SIP), health data protection, and the division of responsibilities between medical personnel and telemedicine platform providers. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations for telemedicine in Indonesia and examine the forms of legal protection for medical personnel in teleconsultation services through telemedicine applications. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations and secondary legal materials in the form of books, scientific journals, and relevant legal doctrines. The analysis is conducted qualitatively through the interpretation and synchronization of legal norms related to telemedicine. The research results show that telemedicine has obtained a legal basis through Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law. However, there remains unclear regulations regarding the use of SIP in teleconsultation services, the jurisdictional boundaries of digital practices, and the division of legal responsibilities between medical personnel and telemedicine platforms. Therefore, strengthening and harmonizing regulations are needed to provide legal certainty and more effective protection for medical personnel in the provision of teleconsultation services based on telemedicine applications.References
Adam, F. R. B., Fathurokhman, F., & Fajar, M. N. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap dokter dalam hubungan terapeutik pelayanan kesehatan melalui media elektronik telemedisin menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Civilia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 3(2), 7–13.
Afina, S. S., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2025). Personal data protection analysis: Comparison of Indonesia, the United States as federal countries. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 2(2), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijlcj.v2i2.583
Ardyles, A., & Ilyas, Y. (2022). Analisis pengaruh pandemi COVID-19 sebagai katalis dalam perkembangan telemedicine di Indonesia: Sebuah narrative review. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip), 10(1), 31–37.
Asshiddiqie, J. (2015). Hukum tata negara dan pilar-pilar demokrasi (3rd ed.). Sinar Grafika.
Friedman, L. M. (1975). The legal system: A social science perspective. Russell Sage Foundation.
Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat Indonesia. Bina Ilmu.
Indraswara, D. (2025). Rekonstruksi metodologis hukum: Diversifikasi dan integrasi penelitian hukum normatif (doktrinal), empiris (non-doktrinal), dan studi socio-legal. IPMHI Law Journal, 5(2), 205–246.
Kelsen, H. (2006). Teori umum tentang hukum dan negara (R. Muttaqin, Trans.). Nusamedia & Nuansa. (Karya asli diterbitkan tahun 1945)
Locke, J. (1988). Two treatises of government (P. Laslett, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. (Karya asli diterbitkan tahun 1690)
Makarim, E. (2019). Pengantar hukum telematika: Suatu kompilasi kajian. Rajawali Pers.
Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian hukum. Kencana.
Mukti, F., & Yulianto, A. (2012). Dualisme penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris. Pustaka Pelajar.
Murima, W. H., Pradana, A. A., Aji, M. P., & Putri, N. A. (2022). Telemedicine implementation in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 17(2), 112–121.
Murima, W. H., Prayogi, A. R. Y., Rahvy, A. P., Djunaedi, N., & Dhamanti, I. (2022). Telemedicine use in health facility during COVID-19 pandemic: Literature review. Indonesian Journal of Health Administration, 10(2), 251–260.
Nasution, B. J. (2017). Hukum kesehatan: Pertanggungjawaban dokter. Rineka Cipta.
Putra, B. A., Habibie, B. Y., Ramadhan, M. A., Putra, M. L. A., & Khusna, N. (2026). Metodologi penelitian hukum normatif dalam perspektif konsep dan teknik analisis dalam kajian yuridis. Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 10(4).
Radbruch, G. (1961). Legal philosophy. Harvard University Press.
Rahardjo, S. (2014). Ilmu hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Rustam, M. R., & Sidipratomo, P. (2024). Malpraktik penerapan telemedicine dalam perspektif hukum kesehatan. Journal Evidence of Law, 3(2), 138–147.
Rustam, M. R., & Sidipratomo, P. (2024). Telemedicine practice and legal responsibility in digital healthcare services. Jurnal Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia, 8(1), 45–58.
Santoso, A. P. A. (2022). Hukum kesehatan (Pengantar program studi sarjana hukum). Pustaka Baru Press.
Santoso, A. P. A., Rifai, A., Wijayanti, E., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2022). Pengantar metodologi penelitian hukum. Pustaka Baru Press.
Santoso, A. P. A., Soares, D., Fauzi, F., & Amallia, S. D. (2024). Telemedicine: International law comparison. The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights, 2(3), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v2i03.286
Setyo, F. (2024). Analisis regulasi telemedicine: Perlindungan hukum dan implikasi bagi tenaga kesehatan. Proceeding Masyarakat Hukum Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(1), 149–158.
Soekanto, S. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum. Rajawali Pers.
Suar, H. P. N. (2021). Transformasi pelayanan kesehatan di era Revolusi Industri 4.0 melalui telemedicine. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 9(1), 67–76.
Subekti. (2005). Hukum perjanjian. Intermasa.
Sudradjat, D. D. (2025). Pelindungan hukum bagi dokter spesialis mata dalam pelaksanaan telemedisin di Indonesia. Veritas et Justitia, 11(2), 457–479.
WHO. (n.d.). Constitution of the World Health Organization.
Wijaya, J. H., Octavius, G. S., & Hwei, L. R. Y. (2022). A literature review of telemedicine in Indonesia: Past, present, and future prospective. Indonesian Journal of Health Administration, 10(2), 261–272.
Wijaya, J. H., Octavius, G. S., & Hwei, L. R. Y. (2022). Development of telemedicine services in Indonesia: Legal and healthcare perspectives. Jurnal Hukum dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 134–148.
Zulkarnain, H., & Budianto, A. (2024). Kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum dalam penyelenggaraan telemedicine di Indonesia. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 13(1), 55–72.
Zulkarnain, H., & Budianto, A. (2024). Legal certainty of telemedicine provision in technology-based health services in Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Sustainability ASEAN, 1(5), 265–278.
References to Legislation
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. (2022).State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2022 Number 196.
Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. (2023).State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2023 Number 105.
Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. (2024).State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2024 Number 1.
Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. (2024).State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2024 Number 135.
Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Susy Putri Wihadi, Rina Arum Prastyanti, Aris Prio Agus Santoso

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


