Model PIKAT: A Normative Remuneration Framework for Nurses Performing Delegated Medical Procedures in Private Hospitals

Authors

  • Abram Sahing Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58258/dz3q7a08

Keywords:

Nurses' rights, Compensation, Delegation of medical procedures, Private hospitals, PIKAT Model

Abstract

The delegation of medical procedures from physicians to nurses is a common practice in hospital healthcare services. However, Indonesian health regulations do not explicitly govern nurses' entitlement to remuneration for delegated medical procedures, creating a legal vacuum and potential legal uncertainty. This study aims to examine the legal framework governing nurses' remuneration rights in delegated medical procedures in private hospitals and to develop a normative remuneration calculation model. This research employs a normative legal approach using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case analyses. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively based on Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal certainty, justice, and expediency. The findings reveal that existing health legislation does not provide a standardized legal mechanism for determining remuneration for nurses performing delegated medical procedures, leaving remuneration systems largely dependent on internal hospital policies. As its primary contribution, this study proposes the PIKAT Model (Competency-Based Remuneration Calculation for Medical Procedures), which incorporates weighted parameters including legal authority, professional competence, procedural complexity, clinical risk, professional responsibility, service contribution, quality of care, performance, institutional factors, and professional ethics. The model provides a normative framework that promotes legal certainty, distributive justice, and practical utility, while offering a policy reference for remuneration systems in private hospitals and future healthcare regulatory reforms.
Abstract Views 18PDF Downloads 17

References

Amar, M., Borman, M. S., & Prawesthi, W. (2026). Perlindungan hukum dan pengawasan perawat dalam delegasi tindakan medis di rumah sakit. Sanskara Hukum dan HAM, 4(3), 312–320. https://doi.org/10.58812/shh.v4i03.763

Atmaja, D., & Sapsudin, A. (2026). Legal protection and accountability of nurses performing delegated medical actions in remote government health services. Research Horizon, 6(1), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.1.2026.899

De Cruz, P. (2020). Comparative law in a changing world (4th ed.). Routledge.

Hertanto, Y. (2025). Reconstructing legal liability in medical disputes arising from the delegation of medical authority to nurses: Post-Health Law No. 17/2023. Journal of Hospital Administration and Management, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.54973/jham.v6i2.789

Huda, K., & Huda, M. K. (2021). Legal protection for nurses regarding the delegation of authority from doctors in performing wound suturing medical actions in hospital emergency rooms. Jurnal Hukum dan Etika Kesehatan, 1(1), 98–121. https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v1i1.18

Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/258028/uu-no-17-tahun-2023

Indonesia. (2024). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Indonesia. (2026). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 6 Tahun 2026 tentang Rumah Sakit. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

International Council of Nurses. (2021). The ICN code of ethics for nurses.

Mertokusumo, S. (2022). Mengenal hukum: Suatu pengantar. Maha Karya Pustaka.

National Health Service. (2024). Agenda for change: NHS terms and conditions of service handbook.

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2024). Registration standards and professional practice framework.

Nursalam. (2020). Manajemen keperawatan: Aplikasi dalam praktik keperawatan profesional. Salemba Medika.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Health at a glance 2023: OECD indicators.

Rahardjo, S. (2021). Ilmu hukum. Citra Aditya Bakti.

Rawls, J. (2020). A theory of justice. Harvard University Press.

Rohima, V., Nasser, M., Sidik, R., Karota, E., & Nadeak, J. (2024). Delegation of doctors' authority to nurses in hospitals: Legal analysis. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(6), 4247–4258. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v6i6.4747

Santika, M., Rokhmat, R., Efrila, E., & Sutrisno, S. (2024). Juridical analysis of the delegation of authority of doctors to nurses in health services at health centers. Jurnal Hukum Sehasen, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.37676/jhs.v10i2.6973

Sibuea, H. P., Wijanarko, D. S., Wirogioto, A. J., Nainggolan, I. L., & Siagian, K. (2023). Misconception and legal problems of authority to perform medical actions in nursing administrative law. Journal of World Science, 2(7). https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i7.395

Sijabat, H. H., Saragih, B., Sibuea, H. P., & Widjaja, G. (2025). Legal accountability aspects of medical actions performed by nurses based on delegated authority in the perspective of the principle of legal equality as an element of the rule of law. International Journal of Health Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v9n2.15744

Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2018). Penelitian hukum normatif: Suatu tinjauan singkat. Rajawali Pers.

Suryanti, R., Jaya, N. S. P., & Pujiyono. (2021). Legal protection of nurses in medical action on the basis of delegation of doctors. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15913

Sutedi, A. (2022). Hukum kesehatan. Sinar Grafika.

Sylvana, Y., Firmansyah, Y., & Haryanto, I. (2021). Legal delegasi (pelimpahan wewenang medis) dokter kepada perawat ditinjau dari perspektif hukum. Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 1(12). https://doi.org/10.59141/cerdika.v1i12.217

World Health Organization. (2023). Health workforce policy and management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic response.

Yani, S., Alwy, S., & Nyorong, M. (2020). Legal protection of nurses in delegating authority in medical actions. Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v6i1.133

Downloads

Published

2026-09-01

How to Cite

Model PIKAT: A Normative Remuneration Framework for Nurses Performing Delegated Medical Procedures in Private Hospitals. (2026). JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Administrasi, 8(3), 886-902. https://doi.org/10.58258/dz3q7a08