Efektivitas BUMDes sebagai Instrumen Hukum Ekonomi Desa: Antara Mandat Regulasi dan Realita Kapasitas Kelembagaan

Ahmad Gautsul Anam, Warna Wijaya Wijaya

Abstract


Abstract The Effectiveness of BUMDes as a Legal Instrument of Village Economy: Between Regulatory Mandates and the Reality of Institutional Capacity. Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) were established as strategic instruments to drive village economic development under Law No. 6 of 2014 on Villages and Government Regulation No. 11 of 2021. However, many BUMDes in practice remain inactive or fail to function as expected. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of BUMDes as a legal instrument of village economy by examining the gap between regulatory mandates and the actual institutional capacity of village governments. Using a normative-empirical legal approach, this study found that while the legal framework for BUMDes has been strengthened, critical gaps remain in human resource capacity, initial capital access, and supervisory mechanisms. The study identifies a systemic phenomenon called "phantom BUMDes" — entities formed merely to fulfill administrative requirements without genuine economic substance. Concrete policy recommendations are proposed to bridge the gap between regulatory ideals and ground-level realities.


Keywords


BUMDes, Village Economic Law, Institutional Capacity, Village Regulation, Village Autonomy.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1234/ekonas.v5i1.10587

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