Prevalence of Congenital Cataracts in the Eye Clinic of the NTB Provincial Hospital in 2023-2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58258/g5mn9a89Abstract
Background: Congenital cataract is one of the causes of visual impairment in children and may result in permanent visual impairment if not diagnosed and treated early. Data regarding the prevalence of congenital cataract at the regional level, particularly in West Nusa Tenggara, remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of patients with congenital cataract at the Ophthalmology Clinic of West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital during 2023–2025. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from medical records. Patients diagnosed with congenital cataract at the Ophthalmology Clinic of West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital from January 2023 to December 2025 were included using total sampling. The variables analyzed were age at diagnosis, sex, and cataract laterality. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages. The prevalence was calculated based on the number of patients with congenital cataract divided by the total number of patients visiting the Ophthalmology Clinic during the study period. Results: A total of 55 patients with congenital cataract were identified among 5,745 patients visiting the Ophthalmology Clinic, resulting in a prevalence of 0.96%. Male patients were more predominant than female patients, with 32 (58.2%) and 23 (41.8%) patients, respectively. Regarding age at diagnosis, patients aged <6 months constituted the largest group, with 14 patients (25.5%), while those aged ≥5 years represented the smallest group, with 6 patients (10.9%). Overall, 27 patients (49.1%) were diagnosed during the first year of life. Bilateral cataract was the most common laterality, occurring in 32 patients (58.2%), while unilateral cataract was found in 23 patients (41.8%). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital cataract at the Ophthalmology Clinic of West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital during 2023–2025 was 0.96%. Patients were predominantly male, bilateral cataract was the most common presentation, and nearly half of the cases were diagnosed within the first year of life. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening early detection and diagnosis to facilitate timely management of congenital cataract.References
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