Hepatoprotective Potential of Rhizophora mucronata: A Literature Review of Phytochemical Constituents, Molecular Mechanisms, and Preclinical Evidence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58258/cxa9t405Abstract
Rhizophora mucronata is a mangrove species that contains various secondary metabolites and has been extensively investigated for its biological activities. This literature review aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Rhizophora mucronata based on its phytochemical constituents, molecular mechanisms, and available preclinical evidence. The literature was searched through several scientific databases using combinations of keywords related to Rhizophora mucronata, hepatoprotection, liver injury, oxidative stress, antioxidants, inflammation, apoptosis, and bioactive compounds. Relevant studies were subsequently synthesized narratively based on their phytochemical characteristics, biological activities, potential mechanisms, and in vivo findings. The synthesis indicated that Rhizophora mucronata contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and various other metabolites that may contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Several in vivo studies have shown that Rhizophora mucronata extracts can reduce biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver in models of liver injury induced by toxic substances or metabolic conditions. These effects are thought to be associated with the reduction of oxidative stress, restoration of antioxidant system balance, modulation of inflammation, and inhibition of hepatocyte cell death. Nevertheless, the available evidence is still predominantly based on experimental studies and remains insufficient to establish clinical efficacy. Further research is needed to identify the active compounds, specific molecular targets, optimal doses, long-term safety, and translational potential of Rhizophora mucronata as a hepatoprotective candidate.References
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